Kurt Schock compares the successes of the antiapartheid movement in South Africa, the people power movement in the Philipines, the pro-democracy movement in Nepal, and the antimilitary movement in Thailand with the failures of the pro-democracy movement in China and the anti-regime challenge in Burma. Schock develops a synthetic framework that allows him to identify which characteristics increase the resilience of a challenge to state repression, and which aspects of a state's relations can be exploited by such a challenge.