Contents
List of figures, tables and boxes...
Acknowledgements
Chapter 1: Setting the Scene
- Introduction
- Statement of Aims
- Womens Entrepreneurship Defined
- Before We Start- a Few Statistics
- The Lure of Business Ownership
- Profile of Women Owned Businesses
- Book Structure
Chapter 2: The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Learning Outcomes
2.3 Theoretical Grounding of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Approach
2.4 The Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Defined
2.5 Ecosystem Its Theoretical Roots
2.6 An Inclusive Entrepreneurial Ecosystem
2.7 Entrepreneurial Ecosystem and Gender
2.8 Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Intermediaries
2.9 Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Critique
2.10 Conclusion
2.11 Discussion Points and Activities
Chapter 3: The Socio-Economic Context of Womens Entrepreneurship
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Learning Outcomes
3.3 Labour Market Structure
3.4 Occupational Segregation
3.5 Gender Wage Gap
3.6 Work-life Balance
3.7 Workplace Discrimination and the Glass Ceiling Effect
3.8 Segregated Employment Patterns and Womens Entrepreneurship
3.9 Conclusion
3.10 Discussion Points and Activities
Chapter 4: Womens Entrepreneurship Policy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Learning Outcomes
4.3 Entrepreneurship Policy Efforts
4.4 Womens Entrepreneurship Policy
4.5 Fix the Woman Approach
4.6 Evaluation of Entrepreneurship Policy
4.7 Lean in Solutions
4.8 Gender Mainstreaming
4.9 Conclusion
4.10 Discussion Points and Activities
Chapter 5: Entrepreneurship as Gendered
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Learning Outcomes
5.3 The question should not be who is an entrepreneur but rather who is an entrepreneuse?
5.4 Societal Gendered Expectations
5.5 Gender Stereotypes and Entrepreneurial Intentions
5.6 The Implications of the Androcentric Entrepreneurial Mentality
5.7 The Female Under-Performance Hypothesis
5.8 Conclusion
Chapter 6: Feminist Methodological Approaches
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Learning Outcomes
6.3 What is Gender?
6.4 Is Gender a Performance or a Performative?
6.5 Using Gender as a Lens to Explore Womens Entrepreneurship
6.6 Feminist Research Methodologies
6.6.1 Liberal Feminist Theory
6.6.2 Social Feminist Theory
6.6.3 Poststructuralist Feminist Theory
6.7 Postfeminism
6.8 Intersectionality of Gender
6.9 Queer Theory
6.10 Masculinity Studies
6.11 Gay Entrepreneurship
6.12 Feminist Sensitive Approaches
6.13 Narrative Approaches
6.14 Reflexivity
6.15 Conclusion
Chapter 7: Family in Women-Owned Businesses and Women in Family Businesses
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Learning Outcomes
7.3 The Double Shift
7.4 Impact of Family on Business
7.5 Market Work versus Housework
7.6 Family Embeddedness
7.7 The "5M" Framework
7.8 The paradox of empowering women and the debate around mumpreneurship.
7.9 Women in Family Business
7.10 Succession
7.11 Copreneurship
7.12 Conclusion
7.13 Discussion Points and Activities
Chapter 8: Non-Financial Entrepreneurial Capital
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Learning Outcomes
8.3 Entrepreneurial Capital Accrual
8.4 Human Capital
8.5 Financial Capital
8.6 Social Capital
8.7 Female Networking
8.8 Formal Networking Mechanisms
8.9 Symbolic Capital
8.10 Conclusion
8.11 Discussion Points and Activities
Chapter 9: Financing Women-Owned Businesses
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Learning Outcomes
9.3 Accessing Finance
9.4 Challenges faced by Female Entrepreneurs
9.5 Pecking Order Hypothesis
9.6 Bank Finance
9.7 Demand-Side Risk Aversion
9.8 Venture Capital
9.9 Business Angels
9.10 Crowd Funding
9.11 Conclusion
Chapter 10: Emerging Technologies and Womens Entrepreneurship
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Learning Outcomes:
10.3 Technology and Entrepreneurship
10.4 STEM Entrepreneurship
10.5 The Pipeline Effect
10.6 Inherent Masculinity of Technology
10.7 Intersection of Gender and Technology Venturing
10.8 Fitting in whilst standing out
10.9 Digital Entrepreneurship and Gender
10.10 Social Media and Gender
10.11 Cyberfeminism
10.12 Conclusion
10.13 Discussion Points and Activities
Chapter 11: Contextualisation of Womens Entrepreneurship
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Learning Outcomes
11.3 The Argument for a Contextualised Approach
11.4 Context Defined
11.5 Waves of Contextualization in Entrepreneurship Research
11.6 Entrepreneurship in Context
11.7 The Embeddedness of Womens Entrepreneurship
11.8 Moving Forward
11.9 Conclusion
11.10 Discussion Points and Activities
Chapter 12: Conclusion: Exploring Future Research Agendas in the Field of Gender and Entrepreneurship by Susan Marlow
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Past Themes and Concerns
12.3 Moving Forward Potential Research Opportunities and Pathways
12.4 Theoretical Gender and Entrepreneurship
12.5 Intersectionality
12.6 Context
12.7 Finance
12.8 Social Entrepreneurship
12.9 Households
12.10 Researching Gender and Entrepreneurship
12.11 Concluding Remarks
References
Index
