Illustrations Contributors A Personal Tribute to Tova L. Forti - David A. Glatt Gilad An Appreciation of the Scholarly Work of Tova L. Forti -Mordecai Cogan and Katharine Dell Acknowledgments Abbreviations The Works of Tova L. Forti Introduction Part I: The Natural World in Wisdom Literature in the Hebrew Bible 1. 'Ask the Plants': Job's Dialogue with Floral Metaphors in Psalms 1 and 90 - Will Kynes, Samford University, USA 2. God's View of his Animals in Job 38:40-39:30 - Michael V. Fox, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA and Katharine J. Dell, University of Cambridge, UK 3. How Behemoth and Leviathan 'Speak' (12:7) to Job - Mark Sneed, Lubbock Christian University, USA 4. Of Leeches, Lizards, and Lions: The Humorous Function of Animal Talk in Proverbs 30 - Knut Heim, Denver Seminary, USA 5. 'Mortals cannot abide in their pomp: they are like the animals that perish' (Ps 49:2 [Heb. 13]: An Intertextual Approach to Psalm 49:9-21 and Qoheleth - Katharine Dell, University of Cambridge, UK 6. The Functions of Animal Imagery in Ben Sira's Ethics - Samuel L. Adams, Union Presbyterian Seminary, USA 7. The Astonishing Zoo of Sirach - Nuria Calduch-Benages, Pontifical Gregorian University Rome, Italy Part II: The Natural World in Non-Wisdom Texts in the Bible and its Interpretive Tradition 8. Complex Attitudes towards Animals in the Hebrew Bible - Yael Shemesh, Bar-Ilan University, Israel 9. Harmony between Humanity and the Natural World in the Song of Songs - Brittany Melton and Megan Alsene, Palm Beach Atlantic University, USA 10. Dove Metaphors in the Song of Songs - Danilo Verde, KU Leuven, Belgium 11. The Relationship between 'You Shall Not Let Your Cattle Mate with a Different Kind (Lev 19:19) and 'You Shall Not Plow with an Ox and Ass Together (Deut 22:10): A Re-examination - Eran Viezel, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel 12. Almonds, Flocks and Classical Rhetoric: The Retelling of Num 17:16-26 in LAB 17 - Atar Livneh, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel 13. The Thematic Functions of Sheep/Ox to Slaughter Imagery - David A. Glatt-Gilad, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel Part III: The Natural World in the Ancient Near East 14. The First Mickey Mouse: The Enigma of the Anthropomorphized Drawings in Ancient Egypt - Nili Shupak, University of Haifa, Israel 15. Instructions of Shruppak: The World's Oldest Collection - Nili Samet, Bar-Ilan University, Israel 16. Wise Kings in Israel and Assyria: Mastering the Natural World in Words and Action - Amitai Baruchi-Unna, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel and Mordechai Cogan, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel 17. Divine Gift: Sacrifice of Game and Domesticated Animals in Hittite and Biblical Cultures - Ada Taggar-Cohen, Doshisha University, Japan 18. Gazelles: Symbols of Power and Vulnerability in the Hebrew Bible and the Ancient Near East - Jennifer L. Andruska, University of Manchester, UK Index of References Index of Authors