VALENTINE UDOH JAMES is the Director of the African Studies Program and Associate Professor of Social Science at Kalamazoo College. He specializes in environmental planning in developing countries and has published numerous books and articles on development and environmental issues in Africa, including Resource Management in Developing Countries (Greenwood, 1991) and Sustainable Development in Third World Countries (Praeger, 1996).

JAMES S. ETIM is Associate Professor of English at Mississippi Valley State University. He taught for several years at the University of Jos, Nigeria, where he was also the Head of the Department of Curriculum Studies.

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