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This student-friendly and well-balanced overview of the field of introductory linguistics pays special attention to linguistic anthropology and reveals the main contributions of linguistics to the study of human communication and how issues of culture are relevant. Its workbook format contains well-constructed exercises in every chapter that allow students to practice key concepts.
Chapter 1 The Nature of Communication
The Nature of Communication
Nonhuman and Human Communication Compared
Chimpanzees and Gorillas in Controlled Environments
Skepticism over Ape Language Studies
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
End of Chapter Questions
Chapter 2 The Phonological Component: Phonetics
Articulatory Phonetics
Consonants and Vowels
Syllables and Syllabic Consonants
Suprasegmentals
Connected Speech
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
End of Chapter Exercises
Chapter 3 The Phonological Component: Phonology
The Phoneme and the Concept of Significant Differences in Sounds
Distinctive Feature Analysis
Phonological Processes
The Continuous and Complex Nature of Speech, Revised
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
End of Chapter Exercises
Chapter 4 The Morphological Component
The Morpheme
Morphological Typology
How New Words Are Formed
Lexical Categories
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
End of Chapter Exercises
Chapter 5 Syntax
Syntactic Construction
Grammaticality Judgments and Ambiguity
The Constituent Structure of Sentences
Phrase Structure Rules
Transformational Rules
Optional and Obligatory Transformations
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
Chapter 6 Semantics and Pragmatics
The Meaning of Words: Lexical Semantics
The -Nyms
Other Kinds of Meaning: Structural Semantics
Pragmatics
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
Fieldwork Project
Chapter 7 Semantics and Linguistic Anthropology
Regional Dialects
African American English
Hispanic English
Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles
Situational Dialects or Registers
Gender and Language
Linguistic Anthropology
Language and Nationalism
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
Chapter 8 Language Acquisition
Language and the Brain
Ideas about Language Acquisition
How Do Children Acquire the Components of Language?
Language Socialization: Three Examples
The Acquisition of Sign Language
Bilingualism
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
Chapter 9 Sign Language
The Nature of Sign Language
What Is ASL?
Nicaraguan Sign Language: The Birth of a New Language
Social Dimensions of Sign Language
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
End of Chapter Exercises
Chapter 10 Writing Systems
Writing Is Secondary to Speech and Sign Language
Types of Writing Systems
The History of Writing
The Printing Press
A Few Words about Computers
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
End of Chapter Exercises
Chapter 11 Nonverbal Communication
What Does Nonverbal Mean?
Kinesic Behavior
Affect Displays
The Eyes Have It
Physical Appearance
Touching (Tactile) Behavior
Paralanguage
Proxemics
The Physical Environment
How-To Books: A Word of Caution
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
End of Chapter Exercises
Chapter 12 Historical Linguistics
The Relationships between Languages
Types of Language Change
How Long Does It Take a Language to Change?
Disappearing, Reappearing, and Emerging Languages
The Spread of Englishes
New Jargons
Summary
Suggested Reading
Suggested Websites
Review of Terms and Concepts
Appendix A: Answers to Reviews of Terms and Concepts
Appendix B: Answers to Selected Exercises
Appendix C: Fieldwork Exercises
Glossary
Index