Part 1 Becoming an Effective Reader 1 Chapter 1 A Reading System for Effective Readers 3 Define Prior Knowledge 3 Use the Three Phases of the Reading Process with SQ3R 6 Before Reading: Survey and Question 7 Survey 7 Question 8 During Reading: Read and Annotate 10 Read 10 Annotate 11 After Reading: Recite and Review 13 Recite 13 Review 13 Develop Textbook Skills: Ask and Answer Questions Before, During, and After Reading 15 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of the Reading Process 20 Academic Application 20 Personal Application 21 Career Application 23 Review Tests 25 After Reading About a Reading System for Effective Readers 34 Mastery Tests 35 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of a Reading System for Effective Readers 43 Chapter 2 Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills 45 Before Reading About Vocabulary Skills 45 Define Vocabulary 46 Analyze Context Clues: A SAGE Approach 46 Synonyms 47 Antonyms 49 General Context 50 Examples 52 Develop Textbook Skills: Using a Glossary 53 Analyze Word Parts: Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes 58 Roots 60 Prefixes 62 Suffixes 64 Use an Online Dictionary 66 How to Access and Read an Online Dictionary Entry 67 Spelling and Syllables 67 Parts of Speech 69 Definitions 71 Develop Textbook Skills: Learning Content Words and Textbook Definitions 72 Content Words 72 Textbook Definitions 73 Visual Vocabulary 74 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills 77 Academic Application 77 Personal Application 79 Career Application 80 Review Tests 81 After Reading About Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills 90 Mastery Tests 91 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Vocabulary and Dictionary Skills 99 Chapter 3 Stated Main Ideas 101 Before Reading About Stated Main Ideas 101 Identify the Traits of a Main Idea 102 Identify the Topic of a Paragraph 103 Identify a Topic Sentence 107 Analyze the Flow of Ideas and Identify Placement of Topic Sentences 114 Topic Sentence at the Beginning of a Paragraph 114 Topic Sentence Within a Paragraph 116 Topic Sentence at the End of A Paragraph 118 Topic Sentence at the Beginning and the End of the Paragraph 120 Recognize the Central Idea and the Thesis Statement 123 Develop Textbook Skills: Identify Topics, Main Ideas, and Central Ideas in Textbooks 125 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Stated Main Ideas 131 Academic Application 131 Personal Application 132 Career Application 134 Review Tests 135 After Reading About Stated Main Ideas 144 Mastery Tests 145 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Stated Main Ideas 153 Chapter 4 Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 155 Before Reading About Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 155 Define the Term Implied Main Idea 156 Analyze Supporting Details and Thought Patterns to Determine Implied Main Ideas 158 Determine the Implied Main Ideas of Paragraphs 161 State the Implied Main Idea Based on the Supporting Details 164 Determine and State the Implied Central Idea 170 Develop Textbook Skills: Use Graphics as Details That Imply a Main Idea 175 A Final Note About Experience and Perspective 177 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Implied Main Ideas 177 Academic Application 178 Personal Application 178 Career Application 180 Review Tests 181 After Reading About Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 192 Mastery Tests 193 Summary of Key Concepts of Implied Main Ideas and Implied Central Ideas 201 Chapter 5 Supporting Details 203 Before Reading About Supporting Details 203 Create Questions to Locate Supporting Details 204 Distinguish Between Major and Minor Details 207 Create a Summary from Annotations 212 Drafting a Summary: Stated Main Ideas 212 Drafting a Summary: Implied Main Ideas 214 Develop Textbook Skills: Chapter- End Questions in a Textbook 217 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Supporting Details 221 Academic Application 222 Personal Application 224 Career Application 225 Review Tests 227 After Reading About Supporting Details 237 Mastery Tests 239 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Supporting Details 247 Chapter 6 Outlines and Concept Maps 249 Before Reading about Outlines and Concept Maps 249 Create Outlines 250 Create Concept Maps 255 Develop Textbook Skills: The Table of Contents 258 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Outlines and Concept Maps 262 Academic Application 262 Personal Application 264 Career Application 265 Review Tests 267 After Reading About Outlines and Concept Maps 278 Mastery Tests 279 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Outlines and Concept Maps 287 Chapter 7 Transitions and Thought Patterns 289 Before Reading About Transitions and Thought Patterns 289 Recognize Transition Words to Determine Relationships Within a Sentence 290 Recognize Thought Patterns to Determine Relationships Between Sentences 294 The Time Order Pattern 300 The Space Order Pattern 307 The Listing Pattern 311 The Classification Pattern 314 Develop Textbook Skills: Thought Patterns in Textbooks 318 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Transitions and Thought Patterns 321 Academic Application 321 Personal Application 324 Career Application 326 Review Tests 328 After Reading About Transitions and Thought Patterns 337 Mastery Tests 339 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Transitions and Thought Patterns 347 Chapter 8 More Thought Patterns 349 Before Reading About More Thought Patterns 349 Recognize the Comparison-and-Contrast Pattern and Signal Words 350 Comparison 350 Contrast 353 Comparison and Contrast 357 Recognize the Cause-and-Effect Pattern and Signal Words 361 Recognize the Generalization-and-Example Pattern and Signal Words 367 Recognize the Definition-and-Example Pattern and Signal Words 370 Develop Textbook Skills: Thought Patterns in Textbooks 375 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of More Thought Patterns 376 Academic Application 377 Personal Application 378 Career Application 378 Review Tests 381 After Reading About More Thought Patterns 391 Mastery Tests 393 Summary of Key Concepts of More Thought Patterns 401 Chapter 9 Fact and Opinion 403 Before Reading About Fact and Opinion 403 Define the Terms Fact and Opinion 404 Ask Questions to Identify Facts 405 Analyze Biased Words to Identify Opinions 407 Analyze Qualifiers to Identify Opinions 408 Analyze Supposed Facts 409 Read Critically: Evaluate Details as Fact or Opinion in Context 414 Evaluate the Context of the Passage 415 Evaluate the Context of the Author 418 Evaluate the Context of the Source 419 Develop Textbook Skills: Fact and Opinion in Textbooks 422 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Fact and Opinion 426 Academic Application 426 Personal Application 428 Career Application 429 Review Tests 430 After Reading About Fact and Opinion 440 Mastery Tests 441 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Fact and Opinion 449 Chapter 10 Tone and Purpose 451 Before Reading About Tone and Purpose 451 Define the Terms Tone and Purpose 452 Understand How Tone Is Established 454 Identify Subjective and Objective Tone Words 457 Determine the General Purpose in the Main Idea 460 Determine the Primary Purpose of a Passage 465 Evaluate Passages for the Use of Irony 470 Develop Textbook Skills: Recognize an Author's Tone and Purpose 473 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Tone and Purpose 474 Academic Application 475 Personal Application 476 Career Application 477 Review Tests 478 After Reading About Tone and Purpose 488 Mastery Tests 489 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts of Tone and Purpose 497 Chapter 11 Inferences 499 Before Reading About Inferences 499 Describe Inferences as Educated Guesses 500 Define a Valid Inference 501 Apply the VALID Approach to Make Inferences and Avoid Invalid Conclusions 504 Step 1: Verify and Value the Facts 504 Step 2: Assess Prior Knowledge 506 Step 3: Learn from the Text 508 Step 4: Investigate for Bias 510 Step 5: Detect Contradictions 512 Make Inferences Based on Creative Expressions 514 Develop Textbook Skills: Inferences and Visual Aids in Textbooks 518 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Inferences 520 Academic Application 521 Personal Application 523 Career Application 524 Review Tests 526 After Reading About Inferences 537 Mastery Tests 539 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts about Inferences 547 Chapter 12 The Basics of Argument 549 Before Reading About the Basics of Argument 549 Define the Terms Argument, Claim, and Supports 550 Step 1: Identify the Author's Claim and Supports 551 Step 2: Determine Whether the Supports Are Relevant 556 Step 3: Determine Whether the Supports Are Adequate 564 Step 4: Analyze the Argument for Bias 566 Develop Textbook Skills: The Logic of Argument in Textbooks 569 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of the Basics of Argument 573 Academic Application 574 Personal Application 575 Career Application 577 Review Tests 580 After Reading About the Basics of Argument 591 Mastery Tests 593 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts About the Basics of Argument 601 Chapter 13 Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 603 Before Reading About Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 603 Identify Biased Arguments 604 What Is a Fallacy in Logical Thought? 604 What Is Propaganda? 606 Detect Fallacies Based on Irrelevant Arguments 609 Personal Attack 610 Straw Man 610 Begging the Question 611 Detect Propaganda Techniques Based on Irrelevant Arguments 613 Name-Calling 613 Testimonials 613 Bandwagon 615 Plain Folks 616 Detect Fallacies Based on Inadequate Arguments 618 Either-Or 618 False Comparison 619 False Cause 620 Detect Propaganda Techniques Based on Inadequate Arguments 621 Card Stacking 621 Transfer 622 Glittering Generalities 623 Develop Textbook Skills: Examining Biased Arguments in Textbooks 625 Apply Information Literacy Skills: Academic, Personal, and Career Applications of Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 629 Academic Application 630 Personal Application 631 Career Application 633 Review Tests 635 After Reading About Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 646 Mastery Tests 647 Chapter Review: Summary of Key Concepts about Advanced Argument: Persuasive Techniques 655 Part 2 Additional Readings 657 Evaluate the Connection Between Reading and Writing 658 Annotating a Text 658 Writing a Summary 660 A Reading-Writing Plan of Action 661 1 Some are Semi-sweet and Some are Semi-not 663 By Bob Schwartz 2 Fifth Chinese Daughter 669 By Jade Snow Wong 3 Social Networking Sites: Online Friendships Can Mean Offline Peril 677 By The Federal Bureau of Investigation 4 Toys R Us 684 By Bucky McMahon 5 Curbing College Drinking Starts with a Change in Attitude 692 By Sara Fritz 6 To the Power of a Persevering Teacher 699 By D. J. Henry 7 The Quest for Peace and Justice 707 By Martin Luther King, Jr. 8 I am Adam Lanza's Mother 716 By Liza Long 716 9 Psychological Disorders 724 By Richard J. Gerrig and Philip G. Zimbardo 10 Diversity in U.S. Families 737 By James M. Henslin Part 3: Combined-Skills Tests 749 Part 4: Reading Enrichment 775 (available only in the Pearson eText in MyReadingLab) Appendix: Reading Graphics in Textbooks 777 Text Credits 797 Photo Credits
