Table of Contents
1 Foreword
Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla, Joachim Funke & Michael Wink 1
2 Intelligence: theoretical foundations and practical applications. A multi- and interdisciplinary summary
Rainer M. Holm-Hadulla 7
Introduction ............................ 7
Section 1: Biological Fundamentals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Section 2: The Psychology of Intelligence . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Section 3: Mathematical and Artificial Intelligence . . . . . . 17
Section 4: Artificial and human intelligence . . . . . . . . 19
Section 5: Economic Intelligence ............... 21
Section 6: Cultural Intelligence ................. 22
Section 7: Political Intelligence and Wisdom . . . . . . . .
3 On the neurobiology of intelligence
Andreas Draguhn.
1 Introduction...........................
2 Why think? The evolution of intelligence . . . . . . . . .
3 Are there "intelligent brains"? ................
4 Subtle differences - why aren't we all equally smart?
4 The intelligent game with coincidences and election
Claudia Erbar & Peter Leins
1 Preliminary remarks ......................... 68
2 Optimization as evolutive goal.................. 70
3 On intelligent strategies .................... 97
4 Concluding comments................... 110
5 Intelligence in the animal kingdom
Michael Wink 117
1 Introduction ............................ 118
2 Tool use in the animal kingdom ................. 120
3 Tradition of tricks....................... 130
4 Planning and insight ....................... 132
5 Cognition and social Intelligence ................ 134
6 Brain structures ......................... 136
7 Outlook.............................. 136
6 Intelligence: evolutionary biological foundations and perspectives
Thomas Holstein 141
1 Introduction ............................ 142
2 Foundations of neuronal cognition ................ 143
3 The first nervous Systems .................... 143
4 Cognition in invertebrates.................... 147
5 Cognition in vertebrates..................... 150
6 Cognition in hominids..................... 152
7 From the intelligence of homo sapiens to artificial intelligence?
7 When intelligence is impaired
Gudrun A. Rappold 165
1 David and the FOXP1 syndrome ................. 165
2 Autism spectrum disorder ................... 167
3 Intelligence quotient, giftedness and mental retardation . 168
4 Higher risk of disease in boys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
5 The life ount....................... 170
6 Abdominal and headbrain work together . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
7 FOXP1 and its closely related "language development gene" FOXP2 .............................. 172
8 Intelligence and intellectual disability - Two sides of the same medal?
9 The Plasticity of the brain .................... 173
10 Animal models as important intermediate steps to understanding . . . 174
11 Life perspectives........................ 175
8 Intelligence: The psychological view
Joachim Funke 181
1 Introduction ........................... 181
2 Definitory .......................... 182
3 Theoretical ........................... 183
4 Methodological ......................... 188
5 Critical ............................. 188
6 Artificial and Human .................. 191
7 Concluding.......................... 193
9 Interpersonal Intelligence
Sabine C. Herpertz 199
1 Introduction and explanations of terms................. 200
2 Development of Interpersonal Intelligence: a neuroscientific look ................ 202
3 Development of Interpersonal Intelligence: a look at early learning history . . . . . . . . . .
4 How is interpersonal intelligence measured? . . . . .
5 Interpersonal intelligence and personality disorders.
6 Outlook.............................. 212
10 Development of intelligence in the context of the use of digital media
Katajun Lindenberg & Ulrike Basten 219
1 Introduction............................. 220
2 Influence of video games on cognitive development . . . . 221
3 Influence of media multitasking on cognitive development 225
4 Influence of addictive video game use on cognitive
Development............................ 232
5 Interactions of media use and intelligence . . . . . 238
11 Metacognitive myopia - obstacle to intelligent behavior and failure of evolution?
Klaus Fiedler, Florian Ermark & Karolin Salmen 255
1 Introduction: rationality as the epitome of intelligent behavior . . 256
2 Metacognition........................... 260
3 Conclusions........................ 269
12 Intelligent algorithms and equations? - An approach to the intelligence of mathematical concepts
Thomas Stiehl & Anna Marciniak-Czochra 279
1 What is Intelligence?........................ 279
2 Why do we need mathematical intelligence? . . . . . . . . 281
3 What is mechanistic modeling? . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
4 What can mechanistic modeling be used for? . . . 285
5 Techniques and tools .................... 291
6 Examples of mathematical modeling . . . . . . . . . . . . 292
7 Data-Driven Processes .................... 296
8 Outlook.............................. 299
9 Conclusion ......................... 299
13 Artificial Intelligence and Algorithms - True Progress or just digital alchemy?
Vincent Heuveline & Viola Stiefel 305
1 Introduction............................. 306
2 Strong versus weak KI .................... 307
3 Weak KIs Mathematics................... 308
4 Algorithms for KI ........................ 310
5 AI as Blackbox.......................... 312
6 Interpretable AI as a possible solution path . . . . . . . . . . 314
14 Statistics and intelligence - a changing relationship
Christel Weiss 319
1 Introduction............................. 319
2 Statistical methods for measuring intelligence . . . . . . . 321
3 The influence of intelligence in data analysis . . . . . . . . . 327
4 Conclusions........................ 335
15 Human and artificial intelligence - a critical comparison
Thomas Fuchs 347
1 Introduction............................. 347
2 Persons are not programs ................. 352
3 Programs are not people ................. 355
4 Resume: Simulation and Original................ 359
16 Emotional robotics - curse or blessing in psychiatric care?
Ines Al-Ameery-Brosche & Franz Resch
1 An Introduction .......................... 364
2 Artificial social-emotional intelligence - child and adolescent psychiatric perspectives
3 Robotics and apparatus ...................... 370
4 Societal consequences ..................... 371
5 Robotics and psychotherapy ................... 373
6 Robotics and psychotherapy - a conclusion
17 Human and artificial intelligence in medicine
Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz
1 The disruptive use of information
2 Applications of artificial intelligence in medicine
3 Implications for medical data networking
4 Health data management: Who owns medical data?
5 Why do we need artificial intelligence methods for the Processing of Health Data?
6 Why is the Internet of Medicine (IoM) evolving so much later than the Internet of Things (IoT)?
18 The Industrialization of Intelligence
Michael Byczkowski & Magdalena Gortz 395
1 On striving for knowledge ................... 395
2 From observation to experience ................. 397
3 From experience to cognition .................. 397
4 From knowledge to skills.................. 398
5 The dissemination of knowledge.................. 399
6 The dissemination of skills ................. 399
7 From experience directly to skills............... 401
8 From data to artificial intelligence. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
9 From correlations to causalities ................ 405
10 Models as images of reality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 406
11 Outlook.............................. 407
19 Intelligent strategies: Correct recognition and good selection in a complex world
Dietrich Firnhaber
1 Introduction............................. 414
2 Recognizing and using the essential factors in a complex world .......................... 418
3 Selecting the appropriate options ................ 423
4 Open implementation ........................ 426
5 Concluding remarks ........................ 428
20 Intelligence in and with literature
Vera Nunning
1 Why intelligence and literature? Research desiderata, conceptual determinations and central theses ................ 433
2 The Representation of intelligence in Ian McEwan's Machines Like Me: Contrasting different types of intelligence and potential for conflict ....................... 439
3 The Representation of intelligence in Kazuo Ishiguro's Klara and the Sun: Empathy and Harmony ................... 444
4 Fostering emotional and social intelligence through experience with literary works 447
5 Literature as a medium for reflecting on intelligence, ethics, and wisdom ..............453
21 Cultural Intelligence in Literature: Giovanni Boccaccio's 'The Novella of the Falcon'
Christof Weiand 463
1 Introduction............................. 463
2 Cultural intelligence, or cleverness and stupidity in literature
3 Giovanni Boccaccio: The 'Falcon's Novella' ..467
4 The Literary World of Decameron............... 469
5 The Protagonists of the 'Falcon Novella' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 472
6 Cultural Intelligence in the Decameron ............... 478
7 The 'Falcon Novel' in the prism of psychological intelligence research ............... 479
22 Meta-Intelligence: Understanding, Control, and Coordination of Higher Cognitive Processes
Robert J. Sternberg 487
1 Introduction
2 Relations among Intelligence, Creativity, Wisdom, and Related Constructs
3 The Nature of Meta-Intelligence
23 Intelligentia Dei - Artificial Intelligence, Human Reason and Divine Wisdom
Manfred Oeming
1 Introduction ............................ 504
2 Power of religious language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
3 Divine intelligence in the advertising showcase . . . . . . . 510
4 Function of God's Intelligence.................. 512
5 Conclusion................................ 526
24 Political Intelligence? A view from practice between politics and science
Theresia Bauer
A Situation Report.......................... 531
25 Political Intelligence and Wisdom
Sebastian Harnisch
1 Introduction............................. 541
2 Theories of international relations and political Intelligence
3 End of political intelligence?................. 553
List of persons 561
