Preface to the Second Edition ix
Preface to the First Edition xi
Foreword to the Second Edition xv
Symbols and Acronyms xvii
1 Introduction: An Overview of Practical Electrochemistry 1
Practical Hints 2
Electrodes 3
Measuring Instruments 6
Electrochemical Cells 7
Data Recording 9
2 Electrochemistry in Equilibrium 11
Experiment 2.1: The Electrochemical Series 11
Experiment 2.2: Standard Electrode Potentials and the Mean Activity Coefficient 15
Experiment 2.3: pH Measurements and Potentiometrically Indicated Titrations 20
Experiment 2.4: Redox Titrations (Cerimetry) 25
Experiment 2.5: Differential Potentiometric Titration 27
Experiment 2.6: Potentiometric Measurement of the Kinetics of the Oxidation of Oxalic Acid 30
Experiment 2.7: Polarization and Decomposition Voltage 34
Experiment 2.8: A Simple Relative Hydrogen Electrode 39
3 Electrochemistry with Flowing Current 43
Experiment 3.1: Ion Movement in an Electric Field 44
Experiment 3.2: Paper Electrophoresis 46
Experiment 3.3: Charge Transport in Electrolyte Solution 47
Experiment 3.4: Conductance Titration 51
Experiment 3.5: Chemical Constitution and Electrolytic Conductance 54
Experiment 3.6: Faraday's Law 56
Experiment 3.7: Kinetics of Ester Saponification 58
Experiment 3.8: Movement of Ions and Hittorf Transport Number 62
Experiment 3.9: Polarographic Investigation of the Electroreduction of Formaldehyde 68
Experiment 3.10: Galvanostatic Measurement of Stationary Current-Potential Curves 72
Experiment 3.11: Cyclic Voltammetry 75
Experiment 3.12: Slow Scan Cyclic Voltammetry 82
Experiment 3.13: Kinetic Investigations with Cyclic Voltammetry 86
Experiment 3.14: Numerical Simulation of Cyclic Voltammograms 90
Experiment 3.15: Cyclic Voltammetry with Microelectrodes 92
Experiment 3.16: Cyclic Voltammetry of Organic Molecules 96
Experiment 3.17: Cyclic Voltammetry in Nonaqueous Solutions 102
Experiment 3.18: Cyclic Voltammetry with Sequential Electrode Processes 104
Experiment 3.19: Cyclic Voltammetry of Aromatic Hydrocarbons 107
Experiment 3.20: Cyclic Voltammetry of Aniline and Polyaniline 110
Experiment 3.21: Galvanostatic Step Measurements 115
Experiment 3.22: Cyclic Voltammetry of a Supercapacitor Electrode 118
Experiment 3.23: Chronoamperometry 121
Experiment 3.24: Chronocoulometry 122
Experiment 3.25: Rotating Disk Electrode 124
Experiment 3.26: Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode 130
Experiment 3.27: Measurement of Electrode Impedances 133
Experiment 3.28: Corrosion Cells 136
Experiment 3.29: Aeration Cell 138
Experiment 3.30: Concentration Cell 139
Experiment 3.31: Salt Water Drop Experiment According to Evans 141
Experiment 3.32: Passivation and Activation of an Iron Surface 142
Experiment 3.33: Cyclic Voltammetry with Corroding Electrodes 143
Experiment 3.34: Tafel Plot of a Corroding Electrode 145
Experiment 3.35: Impedance of a Corroding Electrode 148
Experiment 3.36: Linear Polarization Resistance of a Corroding Electrode 150
Experiment 3.37: Oscillating Reactions 152
4 Analytical Electrochemistry 155
Experiment 4.1: Ion-Sensitive Electrode 156
Experiment 4.2: Potentiometrically Indicated Titrations 158
Experiment 4.3: Bipotentiometrically Indicated Titration 163
Experiment 4.4: Conductometrically Indicated Titration 165
Experiment 4.5: Electrogravimetry 167
Experiment 4.6: Coulometric Titration 170
Experiment 4.7: Amperometry 172
Experiment 4.8: Polarography (Fundamentals) 178
Experiment 4.9: Polarography (Advanced Methods) 182
Experiment 4.10: Anodic Stripping Voltammetry 183
Experiment 4.11: Abrasive Stripping Voltammetry 186
Experiment 4.12: Polarographic Analysis of Anions 189
Experiment 4.13: Tensammetry 191
5 Nontraditional Electrochemistry 197
Experiment 5.1: UV-Vis Spectroscopy 197
Experiment 5.2: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy 200
Experiment 5.3: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of a
Self-Assembled Monolayer 203
Experiment 5.4: Infrared Spectroelectrochemistry 205
Experiment 5.5: Electrochromism 207
Experiment 5.6: Raman Spectroscopic Monitoring of Charge/Discharge of an Intrinsically Conducting Polyaniline Supercapacitor Electrode Material 209
6 Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage 211
Experiment 6.1: Lead-Acid Accumulator 211
Experiment 6.2: Discharge Behavior of Nickel-Cadmium Accumulators 216
Experiment 6.3: Performance Data of a Fuel Cell 218
Experiment 6.4: Charging Supercapacitors 221
Experiment 6.5: Discharging Supercapacitors 224
Experiment 6.6: Zinc-Air Cell 227
Experiment 6.7: Lithium-Ion Battery 228
Experiment 6.8: Low-Temperature Discharge Behavior of Nickel-Cadmium Accumulators 230
Experiment 6.9: Discharge Behavior of Nickel-Cadmium Accumulators at Constant Load 233
Experiment 6.10: Impedance of a Button Cell 234
Experiment 6.11: Potentiostatic Polarization Curves 236
Experiment 6.12: Galvanostatic Polarization Curves 237
7 Electrochemical Production 241
Experiment 7.1: Cementation Reaction 241
Experiment 7.2: Galvanic Copper Deposition 242
Experiment 7.3: Electrochemical Oxidation of Aluminum 244
Experiment 7.4: Kolbe Electrolysis of Acetic Acid 245
Experiment 7.5: Electrolysis of Acetyl Acetone 247
Experiment 7.6: Anodic Oxidation of Malonic Acid Diethylester 250
Experiment 7.7: Indirect Anodic Dimerization of Acetoacetic Ester (3-Oxo-Butyric Acid Ethyl Ester) 251
Experiment 7.8: Electrochemical Bromination of Acetone 253
Experiment 7.9: Electrochemical Iodination of Ethanol 255
Experiment 7.10: Electrochemical Production of Potassium Peroxodisulfate 257
Experiment 7.11: Yield of Chlor-Alkali Electrolysis According to the Diaphragm Process 258
Appendix 261
Index 263