Mancala is a popular board game played across Africa, in Central and Southeast Asia and the Middle East. Its antiquity and origins are still disputed by scholars. Drawing on historical, literary and ethnographic evidence, this book aims to discuss the possible origins of mancala and its distribution. The basic rules and moves within the game are described as well as the diverse range of materials used in constructing mancala boards. The significance of the use of mancala boards during funerary ceremonies and male initiation rituals is examined, along with its role as a leisure activity played by men, women and children. The game continues to be played in Africa and Asia, reflecting its enduring popularity.