Section I. Examination and Diagnostics * Physical examination Steve S. Lee and Christopher M. Bono * Imaging William Tontz and Mini Pathria * EMG, local blocks/injections, discograms Eugene Carragee II. Trauma * Cervical trauma Rajesh G. Arakal, Michael Vives * Thoracic and lumbar trauma Kern Singh, Alexander Vaccaro * Spinal cord injury and paralysis Robert Heary * Spinal injuries in sports Marc A. Agulnick, Mark G. Grossman III. Infection * Pyogenic infections Christopher Kauffman * Atypical infections (fungal, tuberculous) Christopher Kauffman IV. Tumors * Primary benign tumors Philip S. Yuan, Choll W. Kim, Michael J. Yaszemski, Bradford L. Currier * Primary malignant tumors Philip S. Yuan, Choll W. Kim, Michael J. Yaszemski, Bradford L. Currier * Metastatic tumors Matthew P. Walker, Michael J. Yaszemski, Choll W. Kim, Robert M. Talac, Brad L. Currier V. Degenerative Disorders * Cervical spondylosis and stenosis Gregory T. Brebach and Jeffrey S. Fischgrund and Harry N. Herkowitz * Cervical radiculopathy Gregory T. Brebach and Harry N. Herkowitz * Thoracic spondylosis, stenosis, and disc herniations Christopher M. Bono * Lumbar stenosis Dilip K. Sengupta and Jeffrey S. Fischgrund * Lumbar herniated disc, degenerative disc disease (back pain), cauda equina syndrome Rich Manos * Lumbar spondylolisthesis John M. Beiner and Jonathan N. Grauer and Brian K. Kwon and Todd J. Albert VI. Spinal Deformity * Congenital deformity Peter O. Newton and Gary S. Shapiro * Adolescent deformity Maya E. Pring and Dennis R. Wenger * Adult deformity Charles C. Edwards II, and Keith H. Bridwell VII. Metabolic and Inflammatory Disorders * Inflammatory Arthritides Andrew Slucky * Anklyosing spondylitis Edward Simmons, Jr. * Osteoporosis of the Spine Eeric Truumees XIII. Surgery * Anatomy and Approaches: Cervical approaches, anterior and posterior Christopher M. Bono 25.2 Anatomy and Approaches: Anterior thoracic and lumbar approaches Paul C. Liu, Hansen A. Yuan 25.3 Anatomy and Approaches: Posterior thoracic and lumbar Jens Chapman * Cervical decompression John M. Rhee * Thoracolumbar decompression: anterior and posterior Frank M. Phillips, Mike H. Sun * Stabilization Instrumentation Christopher M. Bono * Complications Choll W. Kim IX. General Knowledge * Microinnervation: pain generators F. Todd Wetzel * Biomechanics Thomas R. Haher and Antonio Valdevit and Steven Caruso * Spinal orthoses Michael J. Vives and Kenneth G. Swan * Biology of spine fusion John Louis-Ugbo and Scott D. Boden 33.2 Bone grafts for spine fusion John Louis-Ugbo and Scott D. Boden
