Note: All chapters conclude with a chapter summary.
I. THE STUDY OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY.
1. Introduction to Foreign Policy. Three Levels of Analysis: An Overview.
Level One: The International Level.
Level Two: The National Level.
Level Three: The Individual Decision-Maker.
A Road Map for Foreign Policy Analysis.
2. Unifying Concepts and Competing Themes. American Missions.
American National Interests.
American Principles.
Competing Themes.
Another Viewpoints: American Foreign Policy Through Latin American Eyes.
Conclusions: Change and Continuity.
II. THE BACKGROUND AND HISTORY OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY.
3. Finding A Place in the World: 1756-1865. The American Colonies and States in a Global Context: 1756-1789.
The Foreign Policy of an Infant Nation: 1789-1815.
Continental Expansion and Hemispheric Interests: 1815-1848.
Trade, Hopes of Empire, and Civil War: 1848-1865.
Whither America?
4. Building an Empire: 1865-1914. Territorial Expansion, Foreign Trade, and Regional and Global Interests: 1865-1895.
Imperialism in Earnest: 1895-1900.
Expanding and Consolidating the Empire: 1900-1914.
Missions, Interests, Principles, and Competing Themes at the Start of the Twentieth Century.
5. Becoming a Global Power: 1914-1945. American Foreign Policy During World War I: 1914-1918.
The Inter-War Years: 1918-1941.
American Foreign Policy During World War II: 1941-1945.
How Do You Rebuild a Shattered World?
6. Fighting the Cold War: 1945-1989. The Post-War World Before the Cold War: 1945-1947.
Truman, Eisenhower, and the Cold War: 1948-1961.
JFK, LBJ, and the Crises of the 1960s.
Grand Strategy Under Nixon and Ford: 1969-1977.
From Detente and Human Rights to Renewed Confrontation and Containment: 1977-1989.
7. Shaping the Post-Cold War World: 1989-Today. George Bush's Foreign Policy: 1989-1993.
Clinton's Presidency: 1993-2001.
George W. Bush's Foreign Policy: 2001-Today.
The Future of American Foreign Policy.
III. THE POLTICS AND PROCESS OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY.
8. The Presidency and Executive Branch in American Foreign Policy. Models of Presidential Power.
The Presidency.
The Foreign Policy Bureaucracy.
Concluding Comments.
9. Congress, the Courts, and the Public in American Foreign Policy. Congress and Foreign Policy: An Overview.
The Resurgence of Congress.
Taking the Nation to War.
A More Complicated Foreign Policy.
The Judiciary.
Public Opinion and Interest Groups.
The Challenge of a Democratic Foreign Policy.
10. The Open Instruments of Foreign Policy: War, Diplomacy, Trade, Aid, and Reputation. The War Power.
The Power of Diplomacy.
Instruments of Trade and Aid.
Moral Suasion and Soft Power: The Importance of Reputation, Ideology, and Culture.
11. The Secret Instruments of American Foreign Policy: Espionage, Counterintelligence, and Covert Action. Intelligence: The Nation's First Line of Defense.
Counterintelligence: A Wilderness of Mirrors.
Covert Action:The Third Option.
IV. ISSUES OF AMERICAN FOREIGN POLICY.
12. Defending the Homeland. Early Issues of Homeland Defense.
Modern Terrorism and Responses to It.
The Threat of Weapons of Mass Destruction.
Other Homeland Defense Issues.
Conclusions.
13. Economics and Foreign Policy: Trade, Finance and Currency. Early Issues of International Economics.
The Rise and Fall of the Bretton Woods System.
The U.S. and Today's International Economic System.
Other International Economic Issues.
Conclusions.
14. Military Intervention Overseas. Early Issues of American Use of Armed Forces.
After the Cold War.
The Dilemmas of Power and Presence.
Using Military Force in the War on Terrorism.
Conclusions.
15. Human Rights and Democratization. The Meaning of Human Rights and Democratization.
The U.S., Human Rights, and Democratization.
Twenty-First Century Human Rights Debates.
Case Studies: The Philippines, Nixon, and Cuba.
Human Rights, Democracy, and the War on Terror.
