Part 1 Europe: social frontiers, clerks and laymen - the two peoples, letters, professions and laicism; cultural frontiers, France, Italy and Europe - France, Italy, Europe; crusades and missions - crusades, mission and toleration, war and missions; the Jews - divisions and education, government and economy, conversion and persecution. Part 2 Economy: foundation and growth - the land, the towns, industry and commerce, planning, building and living standards; organization - rural enterprise, commerce, business, credit and industrial structures, usury and corporatism - economic brotherhood, church and usury, government and usury, corporatism and society. Part 3 Society: women and men - marriage and love, means, literacy and religion, workers - farmers, townsmen; nobles and soldiers - soldiers, knighthood, nobility and war; ecclesiastics - types, freedom, rivalries, laymen. Part 4 Government: the church - government and war, popes, princes and emperors, local churches, church government; the greater monarchies - the Empire, England, France; monarchs, senates and assemblies - popes, cardinals and councils, secular princes and parliaments; princes, villages and towns - communities and defence, town and city; republics - republicanism, the people, princes and oligarchs; government and law - scribes and chanceries, notarial techniques, law, lawyers and judges. Part 5 Thought: intellectuals - universities, learning and freedom, reason and religion - history and progress, science and determinism, nature and freedom, deity and certitude; enthusiasm and heresy - doubt and heresy, divergence, the ideal world; repression and persuasion - divergent thought and society, urban or rural?, force and repression. Part 6 Church and state: 1300 - lay power and the papacy, church divisions, lay pressure; unam sanctam - polemics, conclusions.
