SECTION ONE: BASIC PRINCIPLES 1 Incidence of Fractures in Children ... 3 Kaye E. Wilkins and Alaric J. Aroojis 2 The Biologic Aspects of Children's Fractures ... 21 Cory J. Xian and Bruce K. Foster 3 Pain Relief and Related Concerns in Children's Fractures ... 51 Joseph R. Furman 4 Management of the Multiply Injured Child ... 77 Robert M. Kay and Vernon T. Tolo 5 Physeal Injuries and Growth Disturbances ... 99 Karl E. Rathjen and John G. Birch 6 Pathologic Fractures Associated with Tumors and Unique Conditions of the Musculoskeletal System ... 133 John P. Dormans and John M. Flynn 7 Child Abuse ... 223 Robert M. Campbell, Jr and Timothy Schrader SECTION TWO: UPPER EXTREMITY 8 Fractures and Dislocations of the Hand and Carpus in Children ... 257 Scott H. Kozin and Peter M. Waters 9 Fractures of the Distal Radius and Ulna ... 337 Peter M. Waters and Alexander D. Mih 10 Injuries to the Shafts of the Radius and Ulna ... 399 Charles T. Mehlman and Eric J. Wall 11 Fractures of the Proximal Radius and Ulna ... 443 Robert E. Eilert and Mark A. Erickson 12 Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation in Children ... . 491 Jose- F. de la Garza 13 The Elbow Region: General Concepts in the Pediatric Patient ... 529 James H. Beaty and James R. Kasser 14 Supracondylar Fractures of the Distal Humerus ... . 543 James R. Kasser and James H. Beaty 15 The Elbow: Physeal Fractures, Apophyseal Injuries of the Distal Humerus,Osteonecrosis of the Trochlea, and T-Condylar Fractures ... 591 James H. Beaty and James R. Kasser 16 Dislocations of the Elbow ... 661 Anthony A. Stans and Stephen D. Heinrich 17 Proximal Humerus,Scapula, and Clavicle ... 703 John F. Sarwark, Erik C. King, and Scott J. Luhmann SECTION THREE: SPINE 18 Cervical Spine Injuries in Children ... 775 William C. Warner, Jr and Daniel J. Hedequist 19 Thoracolumbar Spine Fractures ... 815 Peter O. Newton SECTION FOUR: LOWER EXTREMITY 20 Fractures of the Pelvis ... 833 Roger F. Widmann 21 Fractures and Traumatic Dislocations of the Hip in Children ... . 861 R. Dale Blasier and Laurie O. Hughes 22 Femoral Shaft Fractures ... 893 James R. Kasser and James H. Beaty 23 Extra-Articular Injuries of the Knee ... 937 David L. Skaggs 24 Intra-Articular Injuries of the Knee ... 985 Mininder S. Kocher 25 Fractures of the Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula ...1033 Stephen D. Heinrich and James F. Mooney III 26 Distal Tibial and Fibular Fractures ...1077 R. Jay Cummings 27 Fractures and Dislocations of the Foot . .1129 James G. Jarvis and Paul J. Moroz Index ... 1181