Preface. 1. Working with Variables. Naming Variables. Using Variables. Integer Variables. Character Variables. Escape Sequences. Floating-Point Variables. Inside Exponential Notation. Signed and Unsigned Variables. Data Type Conversion. Assigning Values to Variables. Local Variables. Global Variables. Local Variables vs. Global Variables. Storage Specifiers. static. Register. auto. Storage Specifier Rules.
2. Working with Operators and Expressions. Expressions. Arithmetic Operators. The +=, -=, *=, /= Operators. The % Operator. The ++, -- Operators. Relational Operators. The <=, ==, != Operators. Logical Operators. Bitwise Operators. Bitwise AND. Bitwise OR. Bitwise XOR (exclusive OR). Bitwise NOT. The Shift Left Operator. The Shift Right Operator. The ? Operator (if...the...else). The & and * Pointer Operators. A Brief Look at Pointers. The Precedence Table. Working with Expressions.
3. Working with Arrays and Strings. Arrays and Strings. Other Ways to Assign Values to an Array. Loop. Multidimensional Arrays. Other Ways to Assign Values to a Multidimenional Array. Loop. Strings. Copying a String to Another String scanf(). Reading a String from the Keyboard gets(). Another Way to Read a String from the Keyboard scanf(). Still Another Way to Read a String from the Keyboard with the Extraction Operator. Comparing Two Strings strcmp(). Displaying a String printf(). Another Way to Display a String puts(). Still Another Way to Display a String with the Insertion Operator. Concatenating Strings strcat(). Determining the Length of a String strlen(). Determining the Length of a Substring strcspn(). Another Way to Determine the Length of a Substring strspn(). Concatenating a Substring strncat(). Comparing Substrings strncmp(). Locating a Character within a String strpbrk(). Locating the First Occurrence of a Substring in a String strstr(). Dividing a String into Several Substrings strtok().
4. Working with Structures. Structures. A Structure at Work. Running the Sample Program. Another Way to Declare an Instance. Assigning Values to Structure Members. Multiple Instances. Assigning Values to Multiple Instances. Structures within Structures. Passing Elements of a Structure to a Function. Passing by Address. Passing the Value of a Structure to a Function. Passing the Address of a Structure to a Function. Unions. Other Ways to Declare an Instance of a Union. Enumerations. Typedefine.
5. Working with Functions. Anatomy of a C++ Function. The main( ) Functions. How to Use a function. Passing Arguments. Passing Multiple Arguments. Passing Arguments to the main( ) Function. Returning Values. Functions Calling Functions. Building a Program Using Functions. Program Statements. White Space Characters. Preprocessor Directives. More Preprocessor Directives. #define with Arguments. #if, #else, #elif, #endif. #ifdef, #ifndef, #undef. #line, #error and #pragma. Making a C++ Program.
6. Working with Program Control. Program Control Statements. If. if ... else. The ? Operator. Nested if. if ... elseif. Multiple Conditions. switch ... case. Tricks of the Trade. for loop. Decrementing the for Loop Counter. Another Way to Use a for Loop. A Nested for Loop. An Infinite Loop. while Loop. do. . . . while Loop. Break. exit( ). Continue. Goto.
7. Working with Objects and Classes. Classes. Declaring an Instance of a Class. Hiding Data Using the Access Specifier. The Constructor. Overloading the Constructor. The Destructor. Defining a Function Member Outside the Class Definition.
8. Working with Overloading. Overloading. Overloading a Function Using Different Data Types. Overloading a Unary Operator. Overloading a Binary Operator. Operators that Can and Cannot be Overloaded.
9. Working with Inheritance. Inheritance. Access Specifiers. More About Inheritance. Multiply Inheritance. Ambiguity in Multiple Inheritance. Containership Class. Levels of Inheritance.
10. Working with Pointers. Pointers. Using Pointers in Expressions. Incrementing Pointers. Decrementing Pointers. Pointer Math. Tricks of the Trade. An Array of Pointers. Pointers-to-Pointers. A Pointer-to-a-Function. Tricks of the Trade.
11. Working with Virtual Functions. Creating a Virtual Function. Without Redefining a Virtual Function. Creating a Pure Virtual Function. More about Virtual Functions. Friend Functions. Creating a Friend Function from a Function Member. Forward Reference of a Class.
12. Working with Keyboard Input-Screen Output. Keyboard Input/Screen Output. Reading a Character from the Keyboard without Echo getch(). Display a Character on the Screen putchar(). Reading a String from the Keyboard with Less Overhead gets(). Reading a String from the Keyboard with Greater Control scanf(). Reading a String scanf(). Limiting the Number of Characters Read from the Keyboard. Receiving More than One Value at the Same Time. Creating Your Own Separator. Another Way to Create Your Own Separator. Displaying a String on the Screen with Less Overhead puts(). Displaying a String on the Screen with Greater Control printf(). Displaying a String printf(). Displaying an Integer printf(). Padding the Data with Spaces. Specifying the Minimum and Maximum Width of Data. Adding Padding to the End of the Data. Specifying the Number of Decimal Places. Displaying a String Constant in C++ cout<<. Displaying a String Variable Using cout. Displaying a Non-String Variable Using cout. Displaying Strings And Non-Strings Together Using cout. Reading a String from the Keyboard Using C++ cin>>. Manipulators.
13. Working with Files and Streams. File Input/Output. Mode Specifiers for the fopen() Function. Closing a File. Writing a Character to a File putc(). Reading a Character from a File getc(). Tricks of the Trade. Writing a String to a File fputs(). Reading a String from a File fgets(). Writing an Integer to a File putw(). Reading an Integer from a File getw(). Writing a Block of Data to a File fwrite(). Reading a Block of Data from a File fread(). Creating a Database File. Reading a Record. Writing Various Data Types to a File fprintf(). Using the fprintf() Function. Reading Various Data Types from a File fscanf(). Using the fscanf() Function. Moving to Specific Locations in a File fseek(). Returning to the Beginning of a File rewind(). Deleting a File unlink(). Using a File in C++. Writing Information to a File Using C++. Reading a String from a File Using C++. Writing a Single Character to a File Using C++. Reading a Single Character from a File Using C++. Writing an Object to a File. Reading an Object from a File. Specifying the File Mode in C++.
14. Working with Memory Management. Computer Memory. Storing Data on the Stack. Storing Data on the Heap. Storing an Array of Objects on the Heap. Reallocating Heap Memory. Another Way of Storing Data on the Heap. Using a Dynamic Array.
15. Working with Storing and Searching Data. The Bubble Sort. Inside the Bubble Sort. The Linear Search. The Binary Search. A Close Look at the Binary Search Routine.
16. Working with Data Structures. Linked Lists. Adding a Node to a Linked List. A Closer Look at Adding a Node. Deleting a Node from a Linked List. A Closer Look at Deleting a Node. Stacks. A Closer Look at the push() Function. The pop() Function. A Closer Look at the pop() Function. Queues. A Closer Look at the enterqueue() Function. The exitqueue() Function. A Closer Look at the exitqueue() Function.
17. Working with Templates. Templates. Templates with Multiple Parameters. Class Template.
Programmer's Checklist. General. Keywords, Variables, Arrays, and Constants. Expressions and Operators. Program Control. Functions. Classes. Input/Output.
Index. 