The various "Red Data Books" prepared by the IUCN and ICBP have set the standards for recognizing birds close to, or at risk of extinction worldwide. This book, by focusing on vulnerable species living in or visiting Britain, sets out to define the British situation and to clearly establish both the importance of British populations and our own responsibilities for contributing to bird conservation. Compiled by an editorial team drawn from the Nature Conservancy Council and the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, it identifies 117 species which demand care and attention. Obviously it includes species which breed in or visit Britain in small numbers and whose populations are threatened by natural or man-made circumstances. However, it also deals with birds which are common or numerous but which, due to their localized distribution worldwide, have the greater part of their European populations in British sites. Each of the species accounts provides up-to-date information on current populations, basic ecology, threats to the species and the legal protection and conservation measures now in force. General chapters deal with the state of Britain's various habitats, legal matters and conservation action for the future. This book should mean that no-one, whether ornithologist, land manager or bureaucrat can plead ignorance when future land use changes or management decisions threaten an endangered, vulnerable or important bird species.