This primer is divided into five chapters, focusing on: biological diversity and its value; the threats to biological diversity; conservation at the population and species levels; protecting and managing habitats and ecosystems; and human societies and sustainable development. Case studies demonstrate the controversies in the field. The choice of examples show the full range of species, habitats and geographic areas of the world. This book aims to provide an up-to-date perspective on many high-profile issues, such as sustainable development, the effectiveness of conservation laws and treaties, the design of conservation areas and strategies to save species on the verge of extinction.