Preface. Prologue: If Ever We Needed ... . I. DECISION MAKING IN CURRICULUM IMPROVEMENT.
1. Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Curriculum Decision Making. The Meaning of Curriculum.
The Underpinnings: Curriculum Change in Early America.
A Digest of Trends in the Evolution of the Curriculum.
Activity 1-1: Identifying Curriculum Concerns in Your Own Environment Activity 1-2: Recognizing Well-Known People and Movements in the Curriculum Field Activity 1-3: Narrating the Curriculum History of Your Own School System
The Curriculum - Lately and Presently.
Two Philosophical Views of What the Curriculum Should Be.
Schools of Philosophical Thought Affecting the Curriculum.
Activity 1-4: Describing the Educational Philosophy of Your Own School Activity 1-5: Defining and Refining Your Own Curriculum Philosophy
Educational Philosophy in a Context of Other Curriculum Foundations.
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
2. Psychological Bases for Curriculum Decisions. Learners - Their Growth and Development.
Situation 2-1: Judging What Use to Make of Certain Characteristics and Needs Situation 2-2: Homework for an Eighth-Grade Class Activity 2-1: Diagnosing the Learning Potential of an Individual Learner
Understandings of the Learning Process.
Situation 2-3: Putting Selected Learning Principles to Work Situation 2-4: The Case of Mary Williams Situation 2-5: Identifying Basic Considerations Affecting Learning Style Activity 2-2: Soliciting Pupil's Comments about Learning Activity 2-3: Learning What It Means to Learn
Some Uses of Psychology in Making Decisions Cooperatively about the Curriculum.
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
3. Social and Cultural Forces Affecting Curriculum Decisions. Influences from Society and the Culture at Large.
Situation 3-1: Finding Traditions to Challenge Situation 3-2: Assessing the Effects of Specific Social Changes Situation 3-3: What to Do about the Plight of Victimized Teachers Activity 3-1: How Much Federal and State Control
Influences within the Immediate Community.
Activity 3-2: A Limited Study of One Community Activity 3-3: A More Comprehensive Study of the Same Community Situation 3-4: When Subcultures and Social Classes Come to School
Culture-Based Curriculum Ideas: Two Examples.
Activity 3-4: A Study of Present and Future Career Opportunities Activity 3-5: Investigating the Pervasiveness of High Technology
Strategies for Using Social and Cultural Influences.
Activity 3-6: The Site at which Political Power Should Be Applied Activity 3-7: Which Will You Have?
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
4. Subject Matter: Its Role in Decision Making. An Overview of Subject Matter Selection and Placement.
Activity 4-1: Finding Reasons for Changes in Subject Matter Placement
Selecting Subject Matter as Learning Content.
Activity 4-2: Planning Improved Selection of Subject Matters Situation 4-1: Resolving Problems in Subject Matter Selection and Assignment Making
A Closer Look at Subject Matter.
Activity 4-3: Discovering What's Inside a Discipline Activity 4-4: Working with the Discovery Process
Organizing and Reorganizing Subject Matter for Teaching and Learning.
Special Problems in Organizing and Presenting Subject Matter.
Activity 4-5: Becoming Acquainted with Curriculum Literature Relating to Special Problem in Organizing and Presenting Subject Matter Situation 4-2: Responding to the State's Criticisms of the Yalta Pass Curriculum
The Status of Subject Matter Selection and Presentation.
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
5. Making Decisions About the Design of the Curriculum. The Nature of Design and Designing.
Sources of Ideas that Undergird Curriculum Designs.
Activity 5-1: Thinking about Sources of Educational Philosophy Situation 5-1: Using Curriculum Foundations in Planning Improvement Situation 5-2: Making Further Use of Curriculum Foundations and Viewpoints
A Classic Model for Creating Curriculum Designs.
Strategies Often Used in Creating Curriculum Designs.
Activity 5-2: Moving from Philosophical Sources to Objectives Situation 5-3: Selecting Evaluation Means for a Middle School Project Activity 5-3: Suggesting Concrete Actions in Selecting and Ordering Learning Experiences
Some Needs and Trends Reflected in Curriculum Designing.
Examples of Curriculum Designing.
The Purposes an Nature of Old and New Curriculum Designs.
Activity 5-4: Identifying Curriculum Designs
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
6. Evaluation of Curriculum Programs and Projects. Evaluation as It Is Generally Known in Schools.
Some Principles and Practices of Evaluation.
Dimension and Phases of Program and Project Evaluation.
Some Sample Evaluation Models.
Toward the Agony and the Ecstasy.
Situation 6-1: Evaluating an Entire Curriculum Program Situation 6-2: Fitting an Evaluation Scheme to a Curriculum Plan
Extensions and Adaptations of Models and Plans.
Implementing Models and Plans.
Making or Selecting an Evaluation Design.
Activity 6-1: Describing an Evaluation Design Activity 6-2: Selecting an Evaluation Design
A Compendium of Practical Ideas.
Overriding Principles of Decision Making and Process.
Activity 6-3: Using Process Evaluation
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
II. PROCESS IN CURRICULUM IMPROVEMENT.
7. The General Process of Curriculum Change and Improvement. How Decision Making Relates to Process.
Some Initial Observations about Change and Improvement.
The Lore of Change Process.
How Change Occurs in the Individual.
How Change Occurs in Organizations.
Situation 7-1: Resistance to Change: Trouble in a Faculty Situation 7-2: Misdirected Change: The Tendency to Move in Too Many Directions at Once Activity 7-1: Statements about Change Process That Are Open to Discussion
Practical Applications of Change Process in Improving the Curriculum.
Activity 7-2: Teachers' Views of Curriculum Change
Four Actions that Facilitate Curriculum Improvement.
Situation 7-3: A Special Problem of Attitudes Situation 7-4: Some Common Problems in Getting and Using Instructional Materials Situation 7-5: The Emergencies in Pennsatonic Situation 7-6: Homework for the General Curriculum Committee Activity 7-3: The Prevalence of Built-in Evaluation Situation 7-7: Reducing Illiteracy - A Growing Concern of the Schools
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
8. The Planning Process. How the Process of Curriculum Planning Has Evolved.
The Bases of Curriculum Planning.
Activity 8-1: Finding Curriculum Needs and Related Problems in the Field of Moral Education Situation 8-1: Sorting the Problems Activity 8-2: Helping Participants Improve the Use of Their Competencies Situation 8-2: Whose Concerns Should Have Priority?
Seeking to Deal with a Range of Problems.
Three Current Curriculum Problems Originating in Demonstrated Need.
Situation 8-3: An Agenda for Hating School
Plotting, Starting, and Continuing the Planning Process.
Situation 8-4: Procedures to Fit the Situation
Planning Modes.
A Compendium of Steps Used in Planning.
Situation 8-5: What Was Done in the Planning Process? Situation 8-6: The Shortcomings of the Curriculum Steering Committee
The Computer as a Planning Instrument.
Situation 8-7: Beginning to Use the Computer in Planning
Toward the Ultimate in Planning: Restructuring the School.
Expectations, and an Eye to the Future.
Situation 8-8: How the Teachers Felt
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
9. Participants and Their Roles in Curriculum Improvement. Roles of Individuals and Organizations within Local School Districts.
Situation 9-1: Achieving Balance in Participation Situation 9-2: How Much Involvement for Lay Persons? Situation 9-3: Competency in Role Determination Activity 9-1: Looking to the Future of Lay Participation
Roles of Persons and Organizations outside Local School Districts.
Activity 9-2: Developing a Perspective Concerning Outside Agencies Activity 9-3: Identifying New Agencies and Combinations of Agencies
Principles to be Observed in Assigning Roles.
Activity 9-4: When People are Held Accountable Activity 9-5: The Conflict between Principals and Curriculum Coordinators
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
10. The Massive Problem of Communication. Communication: A Complex Enterprise.
Communication via Personal Contact.
Situation 10-1: The Storms at Stoneham Center Activity 10-1: Interpersonal Effects of Some Interpersonal Communications
Communication within Schools as Organizations.
Situation 10-2: Influencing the Eighty-nine, Less Seven Situation 10-3: A Plan for Banksdale
How Messages Are Communicated.
Situation 10-4: How Can They Present It Most Effectively?
What Can Affect Communication?
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
11. Curriculum Leadership: Its Nature and Strategies. Wisdom that Educational Leaders Can Profitably Heed
The Nature of Curriculum Leadership.
Activity 11-1: Assigning Values to Leadership Traits Situation 11-1: Leadership without Equilibrium Activity 11-2: Finding Situational Factors that Affect Leadership Activity 11-3: Finding Applications of the Transformational Theory
Factors Affecting Curriculum Leaders' Work.
Situation 11-2: Choosing the Principal's Assistant Activity 11-4: Interrelating Human Relations and Task Performance in Curriculum Leadership Situation 11-3: What Shall We Do to Improve Our School? Situation 11-4: The Curriculum Leader without Authority
Leadership Strategies for Improving the Curriculum.
Activity 11-5: Finding Evidence of Master Planning in a School System Activity 11-6: Some Practical Problems in Local Planning Activity 11-7: Themes and Procedures for Planning Inservice and Staff Development Projects Activity 11-8: Surveying Teachers' Needs for Supervisory Help Activity 11-9: Getting to Know Teachers' Strengths Activity 11-10: An Investigation of Local Trends and Tendencies in Reorganizing or Restructuring Situation 11-5: Improve Curriculum Design or Change the Organization of the School? Situation 11-6: A Guide to Research by Classroom Teachers
Implementing the Strategies.
Situation 11-7: The Responsibilities of a New Curriculum Leader Activity 11-11: What the Best Principals Do to Lead Situation 11-8: How Far Does Competency in Leadership Extend?
Summary.
Endnotes.
Selected Bibliography.
Epilogue: What Preparation Do Curriculum Practitioners Need? Name Index. Subject Index. 