Preface. Introduction: Africa in Perspective. Part I: From Tribe to Ethnicity: Kinship and Social Organization: 1. The Structure of Unilineal Descent Groups: Meyer Fortes. 2. The Nuer: Time and Space: E. E. Evans-Pritchard. 3. The Illusion of the Tribe: Aidan W. Southall. 4. Ethnicity in Southern African History: Leroy Vail. 5. Of Totemisim and Ethnicity: Consciousness, Practice, and the Signs of Inequality: John L. Comaroff. Part II: Economics as a Cultural System: Introduction. 6. Some Principles of Exchange and Investment among the Tiv: Paul Bohannan. 7. Lele Economy Compared with the Bushong: A Study of Economic Backwardness: Mary Douglas. 8. Informal Income Opportunities and Urban Employment in Ghana: Keith Hart. 9. Research on an African Mode of Production: Catherine Coquery-Vidrovitch. 10. Bitter Money: Cultural Economy and Some African Meanings of Forbidden Commodities: Parker Shipton. 11. The Cattle of Money and the Cattle of Girls Among the Nuer: Sharon Hutchinson.Part III: Hunter-Gatherer Studies in Africa: The Mbuti, the Kung San, and Current Debates: Introduction. 12. The Lessons of the Pygmies: Colin Turnbull. 13. Houses and the Rainforest: Gender and Ethnicity Among the Lese and Efe of Zaire: Roy Richard Grinker. 14. Land Filled with Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari: Edwin N. Wilmsen. 15. Forargers, Genuine or Spurious?: Situating the Kalahari San in History: Jacqueline S. Solway and Richard B. Lee. Part IV: Witchcraft, Science and Rationality: The Translation of Culture: 16. Conversations of Rain-Making: David Livingston. 17. Witchcraft, Magic and Oracles Among the Azande: The Notion of Witchcraft Explains Unfortunate Events: E. E. Evans-Pritchard. 18. Understanding a Primitive Society: Peter Winch. 19. African Traditional Thought and Western Science: Robin Horton. 20. Kinship, Witchcraft, and the "Market": Peter Geschiere.Part V: Ancestors, Gods, and the Philosophy of Religion: Introduction. 21. Conversations with Ogotemmeli: An Introduction to Dogon Religious Ideas: Marcel Griaule. 22. African Philosophy: Myth and Reality: Paulin J. Hountondji. 23. How Man Makes God in West Africa: Yoruba Attitudes Towards the Orisa: Karin Barber. 24. Ancestors as Elders in Africa: Igor Kopytoff.Part VI: Arts and Aesthetics: Introduction. 25. Humorous Masks and Serious Politics among the Afikpo Ibo: Simon Ottenberg. 26. Principles of Opposition and Vitality in Fangs Aesthetics: James W. Fernandez. 27. The Cycle and Stagnation of Smells: Patoralists-Fishermen Relationships in an East African Society: Uri Almagor. 28. In Township Tonight!South Africa's Black City Music and Theatre: David Coplan. Part VII: Sex and Gender Studies in Africa: Introduction. 29. The Economics of Polygamy: Ester Boserup. 30. Women and Men, Cloth and Colonization: The Transformation of Production-Distribution amoung the Baule (Ivory Coast): Mona Etienne. 31. Sitting on a Man: Colonialism and the Lost Political Institutions of Igbo Women: Judith Van Allen. 32. Body Politics: Sexuality, Gender, and Domestic Service in Zambia: Karen Tranberg Hansen. Part VIII: Europe in Africa: Colonialization: Introduction. 33. The Dual Mandate in British Tropical Africa: Methods of Ruling Native Races: Frederick D. Lugard. 34. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa: Walter Rodney. 35. The Invention of Tradition in Colonial Africa: Terrence Ranger. 36. Detained: A Writer's Prison Diary: Ngugi Wa Thiongo. Part IX: Nations and Nationalism: Introduction. 37. Negritude: A Humanisim of the Twentieth Century: Leopold Sedar Senghar. 38. On National Culture: Frantz Fanon. 39. Nationalism, Ethnicity, and Modernity: The Paradox of Mau Mau: Bruce J. Berman. 40. The Invisible Face: Masks, Ethnicity, and the State in Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa: Christopher B. Steiner. Part X: Representations and Discourse: Introduction. 41. Africa Observed: Discourses of the Imperial Imagination: Jean and John Comaroff. 42. Ethnography of Africa: The Usefulness of the Useless: Maxwell Owusu. 43. The African Origin of Civilization: The Meaning of our Work: Cheikh Anta Diop. 44. Europe Upside Down: Fallacies of the New Afrocentrism: Kwame Anthony Appiah. Resource Guide. I. Journals. II. Bibliographies.