This book suggests a theoretical framework for the non-democratic and illiberal donors of foreign aid and tests the empirical support of this framework. It aims to examine the foreign aid motivation and preferences of non-democratic and illiberal countries. The study applies the quantitative methodology to understand why nondemocratic and illiberal regimes provide foreign aid and what affects their aid preferences. The findings show that the nature of the relationship between the government and the business elite influences both aid motivation and aid preferences in those countries.