List of contributors
Foreword
Acknowledgements
1 Anatomy and physiology
Introduction
The liver
Hepatic microstructure
Carbohydrate metabolism
Fat metabolism
Protein metabolism
Clotting factors
Storage of vitamins/iron
Blood cleansing
Processing of drugs and other xenobiotics
Excocrine function
Bilirubin
Liver cirrhosis/fibrosis
Chapter summary
2 Assessment of liver function and diagnostic studies
Introduction
Patient history
Signs of liver disease
Laboratory tests
Diagnostic studies
Complications and considerations
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
3 Jaundice
Introduction
Classification of jaundice
Bilirubin formation
Bile functions
Diseases of bilirubin metabolism
Investigations
Malabsorption
Gallbladder disease
Drug-induced jaundice
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy
Additional considerations
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
4 Portal hypertension
Introduction
Definition
Causes
Consequences
Clinical features
Investigations
Management of variceal haemorrhage
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
5 Ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hyponatraemia and hepatorenal failure
Introduction
Definition
Classification
Pathogenesis of ascites formation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
Hyponatraemia
Hepatorenal syndrome
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
6 Hepatic encephalopathy
Introduction
Definition
Pathophysiology of hepatic encephalopathy
Classification of hepatic encephalopathy
Diagnosis and investigations
Treatment and management of hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy in acute liver failure
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
7 Alcohol-related liver disease
Introduction
Incidence
Metabolism of alcohol
Pathophysiology
Clinical features
Alcoholic hepatitis
Nursing considerations
Alcohol-withdrawal therapies and protocols
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
8 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Introduction
Definition
Disease prevalence
Risk factors
Natural history of NAFLD
Clinical features
Diagnosis
Pathogenesis
Disease management
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
9 Viral hepatitis
Introduction
Hepatitis A virus
Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis D virus
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis and HIV co-infection
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
10 Autoimmune hepatitis
Introduction
Pathogenesis
Clinical features
Classification
Diagnosis
Complications
Variant syndrome
Treatment
Pregnancy and autoimmune hepatitis
Liver transplantation
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
11 Primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Introduction
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
12 Metabolic liver disease
Introduction
Wilson's disease
Haemochromatosis
Alpha-1-antitryspin deficiency
Cystic fibrosis
Porphyria
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
13 Acute liver failure
Introduction
Definition
Aetiology
Presentation
Transfer criteria
Disease management
Liver transplantation
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
14 Nutrition in liver disease
Introduction
Malnutrition and nutritional assessment
Dietetic management of ascites
Nutrition in hepatic encephalopathy
Malabsorption and steatorrhoea
Diabetes in liver disease
Osteodystrophy
Types of nutritional support in chronic liver disease
Nutritional support in alcoholic liver disease
Refeeding syndrome
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Post-transplant nutrition
Chapter summary
15 Drug-induced liver injury
Introduction
Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity
Diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury
Classification of drug injury
Commonly used drugs that cause hepatotoxicity
Herbal remedies for treatment in liver disease
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
16 Pregnancy-related liver disease
Introduction
Normal changes during pregnancy
Liver diseases specific to pregnancy
Pregnancy in pre-existing liver disease
Pregnancy post liver transplantation
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
17 Hepatobiliary malignancies
Introduction
Definition
Primary liver cancer
Bile duct cancer
Secondary liver cancer
Diagnosing hepatobiliary malignancy
Treatment options
Nursing management
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
18 Liver transplantation
Introduction
Indications for liver transplantation
Pretransplant assessment
Pretransplant education
Consent
Waiting list management
Allocation of organs
Liver transplant surgery
Immunosuppressive therapy
Graft rejection
Discharge planning and patient information
Quality of life following liver transplantation
Long-term management in the liver recipient
Chapter summary
Illustrative case study
Index
