From the beginnings of history, with gnomans and sundials, through to the 21st century and the 26-kilometre underground particle accelerator, this work describes the way that the design and production of scientific instruments has extended the frontiers of science. Man's desire to understand the universe has led to the making of more and more sophisticated instruments - first to record and measure (Arab numerals, standarized measures), to examine ever more minutely (the microscope, the lens, the prism), on through electromagnets, cathode tubes, thermometers, vacuum pumps, X-rays, counters and accelerators, semi-conductors and micro-processors, down to instruments now being designed to observe matter at zero temperatures - presenting immense technological problems in the requirement for instruments that can operate in conditions where normal properties no longer hold - no gases, no electrical resistance. With vivid pen-portraits of the scientists responible for such advances, this book should be of interest to both scientists and general readers.