Some of the 21st century's greatest challenges are reflected in Turkey-EU relations, the widening gap between the West and the Muslim world, terrorism, and the struggle for human rights and democratisation. Ann Dismorr examines the implications of Turkey's affiliation with Europe whilst also discussing its role in the Middle East. She pays particular attention to the reforms initiated by the 'moderate Islamist' Justice and Development Party, and to the career and policies of one-time political prisoner and current Prime Minister Tayyip Erdo an. The topics covered include the Iraq War, the Kurdish question, women's rights, the crisis over Cyprus and the 2007 elections.