A study text designed for paper 12 of the professional level 1998/99 ACCA examinations in accountancy. From a range of study materials developed according to three key values in professional exam publishing. Taking into account time pressures, the guide covers the exam syllabus and where possible, highlights key examinable topics. It is designed to be self-contained, covering the whole syllabus, and is revised in response to syllabus and legislative changes. The 1998 ACCA study materials comprise a range of study texts, practice and revision kits, and passcards - all available separately, and covering papers 1 to 14 from the foundation level up to the professional level. The basis of the study text is the systematic topic-by-topic coverage of the syllabus. Revised for 1998, the work features icons that signpost a fast-track route, focus points that highlight key examinable topics, and key term boxes that explain key terminology. Each study text is targeted at (and titled for) a specific paper of the ACCA and includes the syllabus, guidance from the examining body cross referenced to the text, a review of relevant past papers, and a study checklist. Each topic is covered in single-chapter study units, with introductions, study objectives and summaries of key points. In addition, it includes a selection of past exam style questions with solutions, a glossary of key technical terms, and a detailed topic index for ease of reference.