Each chapter concludes with "Summary" and "References."
Preface
I. OVERVIEW.
1. Introduction to Career Information, Career Counseling, and Career Development.
Career Development at a Crossroads
History of Vocational Guidance and Career Development
The Need for Career Development Services
High School Students and Need
Displaced Persons
In Summary
Education and Work: Out of Poverty
The Language of Career Development
Defining Position, Job, Occupation, Career, and Career Development
Career Interventions Defined
Organizations and Publications
The Meaning of Work
Why People Work
The Future of Work
II. CAREER DEVELOPMENT THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION WITH DIVERSE GROUPS.
2. Trait-and-Factor and Developmental Theories of Career Choice and Development and Their Applications.
The Purposes and Evaluation of Theory
A History of Career Development Theorizing
Introduction to the Theories
Trait-and-Factor Theories
Holland's Theory of Vocational Choice
Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA)
A Values-Based Theory of Occupational Choice
Variables That Influence Career Choice and Satisfaction
Propositions of Brown's Values-Based Theory
Developmental Theories
Super's Life Span, Life Space Theory
Gottfredson's Theory of Circumscription and Compromise
3. Learning Theory-Based, Postmodern, Socioeconomic, and Decision-Making Theories and Their Applications.
Theories Based in Learning Theory
Krumboltz's Social Learning Theory
A Social Cognitive Perspective
A Career Information-Processing Model of Career Choice
Postmodern Theories
A Contextualist Theory of Career
Complexity, Chaos, and Nonlinear Dynamics: A Chaos Theory of Career Development and Spirituality
Postmodern Career Counseling
A Second Approach to Postmodern Career Counseling: Solution-Focused Brief Career Counseling (SFBCC)
Socioeconomic Theories
Status Attainment Theory
Dual Labor Market Theory
Race, Gender, and Career
Theories of Decision Making
Status and Use of Decision-Making Theories
4. A Values-Based, Multicultural Approach to Career Counseling and Advocacy
Career Counseling Defined.
Foundation of the Values-Based Approach
Values-Based Multicultural Career Counseling (VBMCC)
Step 1: Assessing Cultural Variables
Step 2: Communication Style and Establishing the Relationship
Step 3: Facilitation the Decision-Making Process
Step 4: The Identifications of Career Issues (Assessment)
Steps 5 and 6: The Establishment of Culturally Appropriate Goals and the Selection of Culturally Appropriate Interventions
Step 7: The Implementation and Evaluation of the Interventions Used
Step 8: Advocacy
Application of the Model to Group Career Counseling
Developing Your Own Theory
5. Clients with Special Needs.
Individuals with Disabilities
Career Counseling for Individuals with Disabilities
Career Counseling for Individuals with Mental Illness
Women in the Workforce
Career Counseling for Women
Displaced Workers
Career Counseling for Displaced Workers
The Economically Disadvantaged
Career Counseling for the Economically Disadvantaged
Cultural and Ethnic Minorities
African Americans
Hispanic Americans
Asian Americans
Native Americans
Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Individuals
Summing Up Cultural Issues
Delayed Entrants
Former Military Personnel
Ex-Offenders
Midlife Job Changers
Voluntary Changers
Older Workers
6. Testing and Assessment in Career Development.
Personal-Psychological Characteristics
Aptitude
Interests
Personality
Values
Background
Clinical, Quantitative, and Qualitative Approaches to Assessment
Quantitative Assessment
Qualitative Assessment and Constructivist Theory
Quantitative and Objective Assessment Devices
Selecting Assessment Devices
Technical Qualities
Gender and Culture Bias
Other Issues
Interpreting Test and Inventory Results
III. FINDING AND USING EDUCATIONAL AND OCCUPATIONAL INFORMATION.
7. Finding, Organizing, and Using Occupational Information.
Two Types of Information about Work
Subtypes of Information
The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Information
Occupational Information: Print and Online
Educational Information: Print and Online
Audiovisual Materials and Games
Children's Materials
Career Information Delivery Systems (CIDS)
Interviews with Workers
Career Day
Career Conferences
Post-High School Opportunity Programs
Simulation of Work Environments
Direct Experiences: Job Shadowing, Exploration, and Tryout
Career Resource Centers
Basic Criteria
Establishing and Renovating CRCs
Criteria for Collecting Material
Initiating a Collection
8. Using Technology in Career Assessment, Career Exploration, and Career Counseling.
Basic Technological Competencies
The Roles of Computer Technology in Career Development
Internet-Based Career Exploration Systems
O*NET Online
ASVAB Career Exploration Program
CACGS
Career Information System (CIS)
Guidance Information System (GIS)
DISCOVER
System of Interactive Guidance and Information (SIGI)
Other Systems
Present Status of CACGS
Using the Internet to Provide Career Counseling and Assessment
Assessment Devices Online
IV. PREPARING FOR AND ENTERING THE WORKPLACE.
9. Preparing for Work.
High School and Preparation for Work
Vocational Education
Work Experience Programs
Academies
Outside the Classroom-No Diploma Required
On-the-Job Training
Job Training Partnership Act as Amended by STWOA of 1994
The Job Corps
Outside the Classroom-High School Diploma Preferred or Required
Apprenticeship Programs
Military Training
Postsecondary Nondegree Schools
Trade, Vocational, and Technical Schools
Community Colleges and Junior Colleges
Colleges and Universities
Admissions Requirements
Factors to Consider in Choosing a College
Gaining Admission to College: An Application Strategy
Accreditation
Financial Aid
Sources of Information
Continuing Education
10. Job Placement, Outplacement, and the Job-Search Process.
Job Placement Services
Public Employment Services
Private Employment Agencies
Secondary and Postsecondary School Placement Services
Online Job Placement Centers
Outplacement Services
Employability Skills
People with Disabilities
Executing the Job Search
Step 1: Taking Inventory of Self and Skills
Step 2: Investigating the Job Market
Step 3: Developing Employability Skills
V. CAREER DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS IN EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS.
11. Designing and Implementing Comprehensive K-12 Career Development Programs within the Framework of the ASCA National Model.
Historical Background
The ASCA Model of Career Development
The Process of Program Development
Gaining Administrative Support
Establishing Preconditions
Forming a Planning Committee
Needs Assessment
Writing Goals and Objectives, and Establishing Criteria for Success
Planning the Career Development Program
Addressing the Issue: Program Implementation
Selecting a Management System
Planning and Implementing the Guidance Curriculum
Planning and Implementing Individual Student Planning
Assessment
The End Product
Planning and Implementing Responsive Services
Planning and Implementing Evaluation and Accountability: Some General Considerations
Program Planning Tips: Elementary
Program Planning Tips: Middle School
Careers Classes
Involving Parents
Program Planning Tips: High School
Targeting High School Students with Special Needs
Involving Community Resources in the Program
12. Career Development in Community and Four-Year Colleges and Vocational-Technical Schools.
Students
The Institutions
Career Development Programs
Developing the Program
Specific Activities
Advising
Courses
Brief Interventions
Self-Directed Activities
Internships
Information
Consultation
Career Counseling
Career Resource Centers
Major Fairs
Peer Counseling Programs
Assessment
Program Evaluation
VI. UNDERSTANDING THE LABOR MARKET.
13. Trends in the Labor Market and the Factors That Shape Them.
Causes of Long-Term Trends
Technology
The Global Economy
Other Economic Factors
Population Factors
The Size of Government
Causes of Short-Term Trends
The Occupational World through 2012
Projections for the Future
Practical Implications
Sources of Information on Change and Structure
14. Understanding and Using Occupational Classification Systems.
Dictionary of Occupational Titles
The Content Model: Definitions
Development of the Classification System
Development and Presentation of the Database
Using O*NET
Other Systems
Holland's Classification System
The World-of-Work Map
Standard Occupational Classification
North American Industry Classification System
VII. CAREER DEVELOPMENT IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR.
15. Career Development in Business.
Programming for Career Development
Rationale
Initiating the Program
Early Steps
Needs Assessment
Designing the Program
The Essential Components
Program Implementation
Benefits
16. Career Counselors in Private Practice: Counseling, Coaching, Consulting, and Beyond.
Qualifications
Guidelines for Consumers
Career Coaching
Establishing a Private Practice
Types of Services
Location of the Office
Services to Be Offered
Marketing the Service
Budgeting
Fees
Billing
Other Business Details
VIII. TRENDS AND ISSUES IN CAREER DEVELOPMENT.
17. Ethics and the Competencies and Credentials Needed for Career Development Practice.
Principle 1: Above All, Do No Harm (Section A.4.4)
Principle 2: Be Competent (Sections C.2.a, b, c, d)
Principle 3: Respect the Clients' Right to Choose Their Own Directions (Section A.4.b)
Principle 4: Honor Your Responsibilities (Section C)
Principle 5: Make Accurate Public Statements (Section C.3)
Principle 6: Respect Counselors and Practitioners from Other Professions (Section D)
Principle 7: Advocate for Clients in Need (Section A.6.a)
The Competencies Needed by Career Counselors (NCDA, 1997a)
Minimum Competencies
Professional Preparation
Ethical Responsibilities
Career Counseling Competencies and Performance Indicators
Career Development Theory
Individual and Group Counseling Skills
Individual/Group Assessment
Information/Resources
Program Management and Implementation
Coaching, Consultation, and Performance Improvement
Diverse Populations
Supervision
Ethical/Legal Issues
Research/Evaluation
Technology
18. Trends and Issues in Career Information, Career Development, and Career Development Programming.
Trends: Career Information
Trends: The Job Hunt
Trends: Career Counseling
Trends: Career Development Programming
Appendix: Classroom Guidance Unit (by Clarke Lambeth)
Name Index.
Subject Index.
