When the Spanish conquered Mexico and Peru, they discovered in the Aztecs and Incas the latest in a long line of highly civilized peoples to have inhabited Mesoamerica and the Andes. This book describes the very different cultural traditions of these two groups, placing them in their historical and social contexts. Drawing on a range of material finds, from monumental architecture, stone carving and sculpture to woven textiles, illustrated codices and gold masks, the author unlocks some of the elaborate myths and belief systems that form part of the fascinating background to pre-Columbian art.