This comprehensive text focuses on the policy, process, historical and problem-oriented aspects of American foreign policy. Its conceptual framework advances four cardinal principles as analytical tools to help guide and examine policy choice. In their assessment of actual policy decisions, the authors explore alternatives that were (or might have been) considered, and review the results of those decisions. This book also attempts to look forward. It emphasizes the importance of initial policy choices in giving a sense of direction and commitment. It stresses perspective and careful analysis before policy decision, instead of using the kind of shorthand guidelines that have been determining American policy. Finally, the text examines how much of the United States's foreign policy is conditioned by the very nature of international relations.