There are millions of refugees all over the world who pose a serious challenge to international order. Refugees have shifted population patterns, altered domestic policies and economics, and shaped or even determined foreign policy. Yet, despite all this, there has been remarkably little systematic research into policies to tackle the situation. Most of the existing institutions and mechanisms are ones which were developed in the 1940s after World War II had left some 30 million refugees scattered across Europe. In this book leading experts in the field of refugee protection and assistance examine some of the most pressing issues facing the international community today. This collection of essays covers such topics as military attacks on refugee camps, voluntary repatriation, restrictionism in Europe, women refugees, churches and refugees, and the future of third country settlement, and point towards new directions in policy and practice.