Preface. Illustration acknowledgments. List of Maps and Map Acknowledgments. List of Contributors. Introduction. Part I: Context: 1. The Structure of British Politics in the Mid-eighteenth Century: W. A. Speck. 2. Metropolitan Administration of the Colonies, 1696-1775: Ian K. Steele. 3. The Changing Socio-Economic and Strategic Importance of the Colonies to the Empire: Alison G. Olson. 4. The Political Development of the Colonies after the Glorious Revolution: Alan Tully. 5. Population and Family in Early America: Robert V. Wells. 6. Socio-Economic Development of the Colonies: Edwin J. Perkins. 7. Religion before the Revolution: Edwin S. Gaustad. 8. The Cultural Development of the Colonies: Michal J. Rozbicki. 9. Ideological Background: Isaac Kramnick. Part II: Themes and Events, to 1776: 10. The Origins of the New Colonial Policy, 1748-1763: Jack P. Greene. 11. The Grenville Program, 1763-1765: Peter D. G. Thomas. 12. The Stamp Act Crisis and its Repercussions, including the Quartering Act Controversy: Peter D. G. Thomas. 13. The Townshend Acts Crisis 1767-1770: Robert J. Chaffin. 14. The British Army in America, before 1775: Douglas Edward Leach. 15. The West and the Indians, 1756-1776: Peter Marshall. 16. Trade Legislation and its Enforcement, 1748-1776: R. C. Simmons. 17. Ongoing Disputes over the Prerogative, 1763-1776: Jack P. Greene. 18. Bishops and other Ecclesiastical Issues, to 1776: Frederick V. Mills, Sr. 19. Social Protest and the Revolutionary Movement, 1765-1776: Edward Countryman. 20. The Tea Crisis and its Consequences, through 1775: David L. Ammerman. 21. The Crisis of Independence: David L. Ammerman. 22. Development of a Revolutionary Organization, 1765-1775: David W. Conroy. 23. Political Mobilization, 1765-1776: Rebecca K. Starr. 24. Opposition in Britain: Colin Bonwick. 25. Loyalism and Neutrality: Robert M. Calhoon. 26. Common Sense: Jack Fruchtman, Jr. 27. The Declaration of Independence: Ronald Hamowy. Part III: Themes and Events, from 1776: 28. Bills of Rights and the First Ten amendments to the Constitution: Robert A. Rutland. 29. State Constitution-Making, through 1781: Donald S. Lutz. 30. The Articles of Confederation, 1775-1783: Jack N. Rakove. 31. The War for Independence, to Saratoga: Don Higginbotham. 32. The War for Independence, after Saratoga: Don Higginbotham. 33. Diplomacy of the Revolution, to 1783: Jonathan R. Dull. 34. Confederation: State Governments and their Problems: Edward Countryman. 35. The West: Territory, States and Confederation: Peter S. Onuf. 36. Demobilization and National Defense: E. Wayne Carp. 37. Currency, Taxation and Finance, 1775-1787: Robert A. Becker. 38. Foreign Relations, after 1783: Jordan R. Dull. 39. Slavery and Anti-slavery: Sylvia R. Frey. 40. Indians and the New Republic: James H. Merrell. 41. The Impact of the Revolution on the Role, Status, and Experience of Women: Betty Wood. 42. The impact of the Revolution on Education: Melvin Yazawa. 43. The Impact of the Revolution on Social Problems: Poverty, Insanity, and Crime: Melvin Yazawa. 44. The Impact of the Revolution on Church and State: Robert M. Calhoon. 45. Legal Reform and the Revolution: Bruce H. Mann. 46. Confederation: Movement for a Stronger Union: Mark D. Kaplanoff. 47. The Federal Convention and the Constitution: Mark D. Kaplanoff. 48. The Debate over Ratification of the Constitution: Murray Dry. Part IV: External effects of the Revolution: 49. Great Britain in the Aftermath of the American Revolution: Ian R. Christie. 50. The American Revolution and Canada: G. A. Rawlyk. 51. The American Revolution and Ireland: Maurice J. Bric. 52. The American Revolution and the Sugar Colonies, 1775-1783: Selwyn H. H. Carrington. 53. The Effects of the American Revolution on France and its Empire: David P. Geggus. 54. The Impact of the American Revolution on Spain and Portugal and their Empires: Kenneth Maxwell. 55. The Influence of the American Revolution in the Netherlands: Jan Willem Schulte Nordhold. 56. The Influence of the American Revolution in Russia: Hans Rogger. Part V: Internal Developments after the Revolution: 57. Social and Economic Developments after the Revolution: Stuart Bruchey and Jim Potter. 58. The Religious Consequences of the Revolution: Robert M. Calhoon. 59. The Cultural Effects of the Revolution: Norman S. Grabo. 60. The Effects of the Revolution on Language: John Algeo. 61. Medicine Before and after the Revolution: Mary E. Fissell. 62. The Construction of Gender in a Republican World: Ruth H. Bloch. Part VI: Concepts: 63. Liberty: Elise Marienstras. 64. Equality: J. R. Pole. 65. Property: Alan Freeman and Elizabeth Mensch. 66. The Rule of Law: John P. Reid. 67. Consent: Donald S. Lutz. 68. Happiness: Jan Lewis. 69. Suffrage and Representation: Rosemarie Zaggari. 70. Republicanism: Robert E. Shalhope. 71. Sovereignty: Peter S. Onuf. 72. Nationality and Citizenship: Elise Marienstras. 73. The Separation of Powers: Maurice J. C. Vile. 74. Rights: Ronald Hamowy. 75. Virtue: James T. Kloppenberg. Part VII: Biographies A-Z: Chronological table: Compiled by Steven Sarson. Index: Compiled by Meg Davies.