This book considers grazing management from the point of view of the ecology of grazing systems, and concentrates on the inter-relationships between populations of plants and animals which influence the stability of such systems and, ultimately, the output of animal products from them. Principles of grazing management are discussed against this background. In particular, the steps in the production process (herbage production, utilization, consumption and animal performance) are related to the sward characteristics which influence plant and animal behaviour. These relationships are then used to create a practical framework for management decisions relating production objectives to defined sward conditions. Although it primarily covers intensively managed grassland in Europe, the principles discussed can also be applied to grazing ecosystems in all temperate areas.