Introduction. How to use this course. Similarities between English and Polish. To jest opera = 'this (is) (an / the) opera' - no word for 'is', 'a' or 'the' in Polish Explanation of stress in Polish Form a question by inflexion: raising intonation Saying 'yes', 'no', 'not' 'Czy' - question word to which the expected answer is yes / no Question words 'what?', 'who?' Pan/pani = formal 'you' 'I have' - mam; 'I don't have' - nie mam Making words plural (more than one) 'Here' = tutaj, 'there' - tam 'I am' = jestem Adjectives: ciekawy 'interesting' Jestem ciekawy/ciekawa - 'I wonder' -cja in Polish is '-tion' in English Question word gdzie = 'where?' Adverbs: blisko 'close'; daleko 'far' Mozna = 'possible' so 'I / you / he/ one etc. can / may'; saying 'please' and 'thank you' Using infinitives (the 'to' form of the verb) after mozna = 'possible': mozna kupic? = 'Possible to buy?' Nie mozna = 'not possible' so 'I / you / he/ one etc. shouldn't, I / you / he/ one etc. am / are / is not allowed' Using infinitives after nie mozna = 'not possible': nie mozna kupic = 'not allowed to buy' Wiedziec = 'to know'; rozumiec = 'to understand'; umiec='can, be able to'; dowiedziec sie= 'to find out'; Soft consonants in Polish 'I' form of verbs 'Nothing' and double negatives Chciec = 'to want'; lubic = 'to like'; musiec = 'must'; moc = 'can, be able to, may'; mowic = 'to speak'; myslec = 'to think' 'To be' = byc; 'To have' = miec (Ja) (nie) chce = I (don't) want (it); jesc = 'to eat', pic = 'to drink'; robic = 'to do' 'You', 's/he', 'it', form of verbs Asking politely 'Me', 'you' as object of verb ('I understand you') Question word 'how?' Pracowac = 'to work' (-e track of -owac verbs - approx. 25 % of all Polish verbs) Trzeba = 'necessary', 'one needs' Using infinitives (the 'to' form of the verb) after trzeba = 'necessary', 'one needs': trzeba pracowac = 'one needs to work' Czytac = 'to work' (-m track of verbs - approx. 25 % of all Polish verbs) Masculine, feminine, neuter and plural endings for adjectives (adjectives used before the word they describe) Mowic = 'to speak'; chciec = 'to want'; powiedziec = 'to, say, tell' (Ja) bede = 'I will (be)'; (ja) bede jesc = 'I will eat'; Pan/pani bedzi = 'you will (be)' Question word kiedy? 'when?' 'He / she, it' and form of verbs; 'we' and form of verbs Reflexive verbs e.g. uczyc sie = 'to learn'; explanation of 'sie' Question word dlaczego = 'why?' Possessive adjective 'my' in masculine, feminine, plural and neuter forms Past tense of verbs: 'I / he / she / we / you / they knew / thought' Past tense of 'to be' ('was, were'); past tense of 'have'('had); Zapomniec = 'to forget' Verb forms for 'they'
