This volume in the Critical Theory and Contemporary Society series looks at the contributions of critical theorists to the study of Europe. Critical Theory and Contemporary Europe introduces the major contributions critical theorists made to the study of Europe, from the interwar years to the present time. The work begins with theorists such as Adorno who addressed Nazism and the Holocaust, then moves on to discuss the postwar affluence of capitalist Europe. It proceeds to examine how critical theorists provided much of the analysis that motivated the student and youth movements of 1968 and subsequent alternative social movements. Lastly, it relates the development of a critical theory of state socialism, looking at the works of thinkers such as Arato, Offe, and Habermas and how critical theory is now addressing social issues such as European xenophobia and the future of Europe. This new volume in the Critical Theory and Contemporary Society series brings together critical theory and European studies in a clear, accessible manner and shows the relevance of critical theory to practical political issues. Critical Theory in Contemporary Society is a series of monographs that explore the relation between contemporary society as a complex and highly differentiated phenomenon on the one hand, and critical theory as a correspondingly sophisticated methodology for studying and understanding it on the other. Volumes in the series highlight why critical theory offers appropriate concepts for understanding political movements, socio-economic conflicts, and state-institutions in an ever more global world, and why critical theory needs updating to keep pace with the realities of the twenty-first century.