This is an intermediate level Labor Economics text, detailing modern labor market theory and contrasting the labor market institutions of the UK, USA, Japan, Germany, and other countries. It differs from other texts on the market by integrating the analysis of the institutions of the labor market in the main body of the text. It is comparative, drawing on a wide body of evidence from the UK, USA, Australia and Europe to expose the way labor markets work. Students in the United States will find that exposure to the labor markets in countries other than the US will substantially increase their understanding of the way modern labor markets work.