Modernity in Latin America is defined above all by its multilayered, kaleidoscopic quality. Reminiscent of Octavio Paz's labyrinth, it is a modernity which has accommodated a piling-on of new traditions to old, a blending of external cultures with local, and of high cultures with more popular ones - mixes which allowed a rich and celebratory avant-garde movement, for example, to emerge in the 1920s, and prompted the explosive growth of cities like Rio de Janeiro. Many such cultural (as well as technological) innovations have occurred without equivalent changes in social and political life, however, and so the region has also been at the mercy of what might be termed an uneven development in many of its civic institutions. In this prestigious volume of original essays, many of the best writers in the region are brought together to examine the nature and manifestations of a specifically Latin American Modernity. Beatriz Sarlo and Nicolau Sevcenko write about Buenos Aires and Sao Pualo in an exploration of twentieth-century urban experience and shifting patterns of migration and immigration; Renato Ortiz and Ana Lopez look at mass media and the ways in which radio, television and cinema have shaped modernity; Jose Jorge de Carvalho, Jose de Souza Martins and Nelson Manrique address questions of religion, politics, ideology and social movements; Gwen Kirkpatrick and Beatriz Resende explore the intricacies of artistic and literary modernism; and Nestor Canclini and Ruben Oliven open the collection with essays which unravel the many forces - the legacy of slavery, the freedom from an unquestioning faith in development and 'progress', the impact of globalisation - that have given rise to a characteristically hybrid modernity.