When this volume was published in 1993 it was the first comprehensive analysis of the major policy issues confronting Japans massive foreign aid programme. It deals with the philosophy behind Japans aid, Japanese reactions to the severe criticisms of its programmes and the beginnings of meaningful administrative reform of the complex aid system. Alan Rix goes on to examine the widespread innovation in programmes and policies to make Japans aid more responsive and the impact of the Asian bias in Japans aid.