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Biological Anthropology Craig Stanford

Biological Anthropology By Craig Stanford

Biological Anthropology by Craig Stanford


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Biological Anthropology Summary

Biological Anthropology by Craig Stanford

Discover the Best of Biological Anthropology: From its Earliest Foundations to its Most Current Innovations Biological Anthropology, 3/e is written to appeal to a wide range of students. It continues to build upon the strength and success of its first and second editions by integrating the foundations of the field with the most current innovations happening today. Over the past 40 years, biological anthropology has rapidly evolved from the study of physical anthropology into biological anthropology. Biological anthropology is now an integrative combination of information from the fossil record and the human skeleton, genetics of individuals and of populations, our primate relatives, human adaptation, and human behavior. The third edition of Biological Anthropology combines the most up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of the foundations of the field with modern innovations and discoveries. Teaching and Learning Experience Improve Critical Thinking - Visual summaries, Insights and Advances boxes and author suggested readings found within each chapter encourage students to examine assumptions, discern hidden values, evaluate evidence, assess conclusions, and more! Engage Students - Woven into each chapter, student-oriented pedagogy, art, photos, and maps help students gain a better understanding of key material. Support Instructors - Teaching your course just got easier! You can Create a Customized Text or use our author reviewed Instructor's Manual, Electronic "MyTest" Test Bank or PowerPoint Presentation Slides. Additionally, we offer fantastic bundling options for the lab portion of your course with our Method & Practice in Biological Anthropology: A Workbook and Laboratory Manual for Introductory Courses, or our Atlas of Anthropology. (Both able to be packaged at a significant discount!)

Biological Anthropology Reviews

"The material and issues included are terrific - I could even say of all of the texts on the market, this book is the most appropriate and includes the most interesting material and topics. It's really innovative in this area." Professor Mary Willis, University of Nebraska - Lincoln "It is evident that the authors have written this text after their experiences of teaching an introductory course, it appears they definitely had students' interests in mind when developing this text." Professor Kathleen Rizzo, University of Illinois - Chicago "The examples make the material "real" for the students, rather than memorizing dry definitions." Professor Samantha Hens, University of California Sacramento

About Craig Stanford

In This Section: I. Author Bio II. Author Letter I. Author Bio Follow Us On Twitter: @BioAnthroSAA Craig Stanford is a professor of anthropology and biological sciences at the University of Southern California, where he also directs the Jane Goodall Research Center. He has conducted field research on primate behavior in south Asia, Latin America, and East Africa. He is well known for his long-term studies of meat-eating among wild chimpanzees in Gombe, Tanzania, and of the relationship between mountain gorillas and chimpanzees in the Impenetrable Forest of Uganda. He has authored or coauthored more than 120 scientific publications. Craig has received USC's highest teaching awards for his introductory biological anthropology course. In addition, he has published eleven books on primate behavior and human origins, including Significant Others (2001), Upright (2003) and Beautiful Minds (2008). He and his wife, Erin Moore, a cultural anthropologist at USC, live in South Pasadena, California, and have three children. John Allen is a research scientist in the Dornsife Cognitive Neuroscience Imaging Center and the Brain and Creativity Institute at the University of Southern California. Previously, he was a neuroscience researcher at the University of Iowa College of Medicine and a faculty member in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, for several years. His primary research interests are the evolution of the human brain and behavior, and behavioral disease. He also has research experience in molecular genetics, nutritional anthropology, and the history of anthropology. He has conducted fieldwork in Japan, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Palau. He has received university awards for teaching introductory courses in biological anthropology both as a graduate student instructor at the University of California and as a faculty member at the University of Auckland. In addition to BiologicalAnthropology, he is also the author of Medical Anthropology: A Biocultural Approach (with Andrea S. Wiley; 2009) and The Lives of the Brain (2009). John and his wife, Stephanie Sheffield, have two sons, Reid and Perry. Susan Anton is a professor in the Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology at New York University, where she also directs the M.A. program in Human Skeletal Biology. Her field research concerns the evolution of genus Homo in Indonesia and human impact on island ecosystems in the South Pacific. She is best known for her work on H. erectus in Kenya and Indonesia, for which she was elected as a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) in 2008. She is past editor of the Journal of Human Evolution. She received awards for teaching as a graduate student instructor of introductory physical anthropology and anatomy at the University of California, was Teacher of the Year while at the University of Florida, and a Golden Dozen teaching award recipient at NYU. She has been twice elected to Who's Who Among America's Teachers. Susan and her husband, Carl Swisher, a geochronologist, raise Anatolian shepherd dogs. II. Author Letter Dear Colleague, It is our pleasure to be able to bring you the third edition of our textbook Biological anthropology: the natural history of humankind.We are writing to you to share some highlights from the new edition. We have done our best to keep the book comprehensive, cutting edge, and accessibly readable. Over the past three years, new fossil discoveries, new revelations about primate behavior, and new breakthroughs in molecular biology have made an update of our previous edition essential. As always, we have endeavored to provide students and instructors with the very best coverage of these issues, and also the best photographs and images available. We believe that Biological anthropology offers you an outstanding choice in its comprehensive coverage of topics as well as its clarity, originality, critical-thinking approach, and presentation of beautifully done artwork and photography. All the traditional topics covered in other introductory biological anthropology texts are covered in detail. We also treat topics that are rarely covered in traditional texts, but are at the cutting edge of field. These include biomedical anthropology, brain evolution, and forager societies. In addition, new aspects of the third edition include: * Updated treatment of recent discoveries of Australopithecus sediba, Ardipithecus ramidus, Darwinius, and Denisova hominins, plus advances in the study of Ancient DNA of Neandertals * New discoveries about chimpanzee culture, including the latest research on tool use and hunting * Updates on genetics, including ancient DNA and population genetics * Expanded treatment of evolutionary aspects of human health and disease * New photographs of fossils, primates, and other subjects * New anatomical illustrations, featuring systematic redrawing of fossil and osteological artwork by medical artists Each chapter of the book now contains an updated visual summary. We wrote the first edition of Biological anthropology because, as teaching assistants during our graduate school days, we were disappointed in the overall quality of other books that were available. We are very pleased that Biological anthropology has become a leader in the biological anthropology textbook market. We are, as always, grateful for feedback from instructors and we try our best to incorporate updates to both the content and appearance of the book with instructor needs in mind. We realize that you, the instructor, have a choice of books to assign and we were committed to producing a new third edition that would meet your needs and those of students in this fascinating field of study. Sincerely yours, Craig Stanford John S. Allen Susan c. Anton

Table of Contents

IN THIS SECTION: 1.) BRIEF 2.) COMPREHENSIVE BRIEF TABLE OF CONTENTS: Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology? Part I: Mechanisms of Evolution Chapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought Chapter 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules Chapter 3: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype Chapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species Chapter 5: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability Part II: Primates Chapter 6: The Primates Chapter 7: Primate Behavior Part III: Paleontology and Primate Evolution Chapter 8: Fossils in Geological Context Chapter 9: Origin of Primates Chapter 10: Becoming Human: The Ape-Hominin Transition Part IV: The Human Fossil Record Chapter 11: Early Hominins Chapter 12: Rise of the Genus Homo Chapter 13: Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals Chapter 14: The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens Part V: New Frontiers in Biological Anthropology Chapter 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language Chapter 16: Biomedical Anthropology Chapter 17: The Evolution of Human Behavior Chapter 18: Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Appendix A: Overview of the Brain Appendix B: Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy Appendix C: The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Appendix D: Metric-Imperial Conversions COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS: Preface About the Authors Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology? The Scope of Biological Anthropology Paleoanthropology Skeletal Biology and Human Osteology Paleopathology Forensic Anthropology Primatology Human Biology The Roots of Modern Biological Anthropology Anthropology and Its Subfields Cultural Anthropology INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: A Paradigm Split in Anthropology? Archaeology Linguistic Anthropology Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Part I: Mechanisms of Evolution Chapter 1: Origins of Evolutionary Thought What Is Science? The Early Thinkers The Roots of Modern Science Linnaeus and the Natural Scheme of Life The Road to the Darwinian Revolution The Uniformitarians: Hutton and Lyell The Darwinian Revolution The Galapagos Refining the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Darwin versus Wallace? The Response to Darwin Science and Creationism INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What Is Intelligent Design? Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 2: Genetics: Cells and Molecules Genetics The Study of Genetics Genetic Metaphors: Blueprints, Recipes, or What? The Cell Cell Anatomy INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Cloning Controversies DNA Structure and Function DNA Structure I: The Molecular Level DNA Function I: Replication DNA Function II: Protein Synthesis DNA Structure II: Chromosomes and Cell Division INNOVATIONS: The Wide World of RNA INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Biochemical Individuality Molecular Tools For Bioanthropological Research Indirect versus Direct Research Methods PCR, Mitochondrial DNA, and Ancient DNA Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 3: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype From Genotype to Phenotype The ABO Blood Type System Obesity: A Complex Interaction Mendelian Genetics Mendel's Postulates Linkage and Crossing Over Mutation Point Mutation and Sickle Cell Disease Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases Mutations: Bad, Neutral, and Good X-Linked Disorders Mendelian Genetics in Humans Genetics Beyond Mendel INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Popular Mendelism and the Shadow of Eugenics Polygenic Traits, the Phenotype, and the Environment Heritability and IQ Test Score Performance Phenylketonuria: Illustrating Mendelian and Post-Mendelian Concepts Genes and Environments Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 4: The Forces of Evolution and the Formation of Species How Evolution Works Where Does Variation Come From? How Natural Selection Works Other Ways by Which Evolution Happens Classification and Evolution Taxonomy and Speciation What Is a Species? A Guide to Species Concepts Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms The Origin of Species: How Species Are Formed INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What's in a Name? Species Concepts, Genetics, and Con-servation The Tempo of Speciation Adaptation Is Everything Adaptive? Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Levels of Selection Inclusive Fitness Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 5: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability Human Variation at the Individual and Group Level What Is a Population? Historical Perspectives on Human Variation Recording Human Variation in Past Civilizations The Monogenism-Polygenism Debate Race and Racism in the Twentieth Century Changing Attitudes toward Race in Anthropology Deconstructing Racial Features Population Genetics Polymorphisms: ABO and Other Blood Type Systems Gene Flow and Protein Polymorphisms Polymorphisms and Phylogenetic Studies Polymorphisms and Natural Selection in Human Populations The Evolution of Lactose Tolerance Balanced Polymorphisms: Sickle-Cell and Other Conditions Adaptation and Adaptability Levels of Adaptability Heat and Cold INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Technology and Extreme Environments Body Size and Shape Living at High Altitude Skin Color Adaptability to Water Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Part II: Primates Chapter 6: The Primates The Primate Radiation The Extraordinary Diversity of Nonhuman Primates What Exactly Is a Primate? Anatomical Traits Life History Traits Behavioral Traits: Activity and Sociality A Guide to the Nonhuman Primates The Strepsirhines The Haplorhines INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Rarest of the Rare The New World Monkeys The Old World Monkeys The Hominoids INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Impending Extinction of the Great Apes? Primate Ecology The Cycles of a Tropical Forest You Are What You Eat: Dietary and Digestive Strategies Diet and Feeding Competition Territories and Ranges Predation Primate Communities Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 7: Primate Behavior Studying Primates The Evolution of Primate Social Behavior Social Behavior and Reproductive Asymmetry Male Reproductive Strategies Female Reproductive Strategies Why Are Nonhuman Primates Social? The Paradox of Sociality INNOVATIONS: Culture in Nonhuman Primates Types of Nonhuman Primate Societies INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Infanticide Wars INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Are Chimpanzees from Mars and Bonobos from Venus? Reconstructing the Evolution of Primate Societies Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Part III: Paleontology and Primate Evolution Chapter 8: Fossils in Geological Context How to Become a Fossil The Importance of Context Stratigraphy The Geologic Time Scale How Old Is It? Relative Dating Techniques Calibrated Relative Dating Techniques INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Piltdown Hoax Chronometric Dating Techniques INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Dating Controversies INNOVATIONS: Time in a Bottle The Earth in the Cenozoic Continents and Land Masses The Environment in the Cenozoic Overview of Climatic Changes during the Cenozoic Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 9: Origin of Primates The Mesozoic and Beyond Dawn of the Age of Mammals The Crater of Doom: What Happened at the K-T Boundary? Changes in the Paleocene: The Origin of Primates? Why Primates? Early Primates of the Eocene Adapoids (Strepsirhine Ancestors) Omomyoids (Haplorhine Ancestors) Continental Drift and Eocene Primates INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar Selective Pressures Favoring the Strepsirhine-Haplorhine Split Evolution of Higher Primates The First Monkeys? New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys What Favored the Origin of Anthropoids? The Earliest Apes Selection Pressures and the Divergence of Monkeys and Apes The Monkey's Tale: What Happened to Primate Diversity in the Miocene? Molecular Evolution in Primates A Primate Molecular Phylogeny Molecular Phylogeny and Human Origins Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 10: Becoming Human: The Ape-Hominin Transition Becoming a Biped Anatomical Changes Constructing the Bipedal Body Plan Locomotion of the Last Common Ancestor Why Bipeds? INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Overheated Radiator? The Transition to Human Behavior Primate Intelligence: Why Are Human Brains Big? What Made Humans Human? Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Part IV: The Human Fossil Record Chapter 11: Early Hominins Will You Know a Hominin When You See One? INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: A Rose by Any Other Name: Hominins versus Hominins The First Hominins? Sahelanthropus tchadensis Orrorin tugenensis Ardipithecus ramidus and Ardipithecus kadabba INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Treasures of the Afar Triangle Australopithecus and Kin Australopithecus anamensis Australopithecus afarensis INNOVATIONS: Dikika and Development Australopithecus bahrelghazali Kenyanthropus platyops Australopithecus garhi Australopithecus africanus The Robust Australopithecines (or Paranthropines) Understanding the Australopithecine Radiation Cohabitation Tools and Intelligence Ancestors and Descendants Questions for Future Paleoanthropologists Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 12: Rise of The Genus Homo Defining the Genus Homo Earliest Genus Homo Early Tool Use Hunting and Scavenging INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Understanding the Meat-Eating Past through the Pre-sent Who Was Homo erectus? Anatomical Features Homo erectus versus Homo ergaster Homo erectus around the World African Origins The First African Diaspora: Republic of Georgia Dispersal into East Asia The Status of Homo erectus in Europe The Lifeways of Homo erectus Homo erectus and the Early Stone Age A Higher-Quality Diet: Homo erectus Subsistence Homo erectus Life History INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: What's Size Got to Do with It? Homo erectus Leaves Africa Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 13: Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals Hominin Evolution in the Middle to Late Pleistocene Defining Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens Archaic Homo sapiens European Archaic Homo sapiens African Archaic Homo sapiens Asian Archaic Homo sapiens Behavior of Archaic Homo sapiens Stone Tools Biodegradable Tools Big Game Hunting Fire, Campsites, and Home Sites The Neandertals Geographic and Temporal Distribution History of Neandertal Discovery INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Neandertal Image Makeovers Neandertal Anatomy and DNA Growth and Development Health and Disease INNOVATIONS: Neandertal Genes Neandertal Behavior Material Culture Coping with Cold Hunting and Subsistence Cannibalism Burials Ritual and Symbolic Behavior Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Issues: An Overview Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 14: The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens The Emergence of Modern Humans Models of Modern Human Origins Multiregional and Replacement Models Predictions of the Two Models Anatomy and Distribution of Early Humans Africa Near East Europe Asia and Southeast Asia Australia INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Little People of Flores Archaeology of Modern Human Origins Stone and Other Tools Subsistence Symbolism Settlement of the New World and Pacific Islands Molecular Genetics and Human Origins INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The "Vitamin D Line" Mitochondrial DNA The Y Chromosome MRCAs for Nuclear Genes Ancient DNA Interpreting Models of Human Origins Paleontology and Archaeology Molecular Genetics Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Part V: New Frontiers in Biological Anthropology Chapter 15: Evolution of the Brain and Language Issues in Hominin Brain Evolution Brain Size and Encephalization Brain Size and the Fossil Record Brain Reorganization INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Ten-Percent Myth: Evolution and Energy Language: Biology and Evolution The Evolution of Grammar Language in the Brain Language in the Throat Language Ability and the Fossil Record INNOVATIONS: Music, the Brain, and Evolution INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Ape Language Studies Scenarios of Language Evolution Brain Size, Language, and Intelligence Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 16: Biomedical Anthropology Epidemiology: Basic Tools For Biomedical Anthropology Rates: Mortality, Incidence, and Prevalence Epidemiological Transitions Biocultural and Evolutionary Approaches to Disease The Biocultural Approach The Evolutionary Approach Birth, Growth, and Aging Human Childbirth Patterns of Human Growth Stages of Human Growth The Secular Trend in Growth Menarche and Menopause Aging Infectious Disease and Biocultural Evolution Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Disease INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Kuru, Cannibalism, and Prion Diseases Infectious Disease and the Evolutionary Arms Race Diet and Disease The Paleolithic Diet Agriculture and Nutritional Deficiency Agriculture and Abundance: Thrifty and Nonthrifty Genotypes Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 17: The Evolution of Human Behavior Studying the Evolution of Human Behavior The Evolution of Human Behavior: Four Approaches Behavioral Patterns and Evolution Traditional Lives in Evolutionary Ecological Perspective Quantification in Evolutionary Ecological Research Hunting, Gathering, and the Sexual Division of Labor Sexual Selection and Human Behavior Risk-Taking Behavior Inbreeding Avoidance and Incest Taboos Language-Related Cross-Cultural Behaviors Motherese or Infant-Directed Speech Basic Color Terms INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Reading, Writing, and Evolution Behavioral Disease Depression and Natural Selection Schizophrenia Psychoactive Substance Use and Abuse Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading Chapter 18: Bioarchaeology and Forensic Anthropology Life, Death, and the Skeleton Field Recovery Methods Laboratory Processing, Curation, and Chain of Custody The Biological Profile Age at Death Sex Ancestry Height and Weight INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: Ancestry Genetics Premortem Injury and Disease Taphonomy Perimortem Trauma Postmortem Trauma DNA, Kinship, and Identity Identification and Forensic Anthropology INSIGHTS AND ADVANCES: The Genghis Khan Effect Time Since Death Antemortem Records and Positive IDs Facial Reconstruction Applications of Bioarchaeology Mortuary Archaeology Biocultural Evolution of Health and Disease Activity Patterns and Subsistence Change Applications of Forensic Anthropology Mass Fatalities War Dead War Crimes and Genocide Epilogue Summary * Critical Thinking Questions * Key Terms * Suggested Reading APPENDIX A Overview of the Brain APPENDIX B Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy APPENDIX C The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium APPENDIX D Metric-Imperial Conversions Glossary Bibliography Photo Credits Index

Additional information

GOR007703177
9780205150687
0205150683
Biological Anthropology by Craig Stanford
Used - Very Good
Paperback
Pearson Education (US)
2011-08-01
648
N/A
Book picture is for illustrative purposes only, actual binding, cover or edition may vary.
This is a used book - there is no escaping the fact it has been read by someone else and it will show signs of wear and previous use. Overall we expect it to be in very good condition, but if you are not entirely satisfied please get in touch with us

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