Philosophy and science, once connected, are now seen as different disciplines. While scientists continue to probe deeper into nature, philosophers seem merely to pursue their own obscure disputes. Such a view is shown to be both naive and ill-informed in this book that argues that science is not a monolithic and stable structure of legend and that philosophy of science calls many such assumptions into question. Can scientists offer a definitive picture of reality if their theories change so often, and how are we to judge what is to be part of science? These, and many other, questions are pursued in this book that ranges from ancient science to quantum theory, from Aristotle to Einstein and from number theory to Renaissance magic.