Foreword, Mary Midgley, Emerita Professor of Philosophy, University of Newcastle upon Tyne; Introduction, Alex Bentley, Lecturer in Anthropology (Durham University, UK); Part 1: Should scientists challenge religious beliefs in modern society?; 1. Science and religion: negotiating the twenty-first-century rapids, Denis Alexander, Director of the Faraday Institute for Science and Religion (Cambridge University, UK); 2. Religion, theology and the human sciences, Richard Roberts, Emeritus Professor of Religious Studies (Lancaster University, UK); 3. Aboriginal versus Western creationism, Bob Layton, Professor of Anthropology (Durham University, UK). 4. Science versus anthropology, not religion, Simon Coleman, Professor of Anthropology (Sussex University, UK); 5. How atheists should interact with theists, Michael Shermer, Executive Director of the Sceptics Society and monthly columnist for Scientific American; Part 2: Is religion inevitable in human society?; 6. The evolution of religion, Lewis Wolpert, Professor of Biology (University College London, UK); 7. Brain science and belief, Andrew Newberg, Associate Professor in the Department of Radiology and Psychiatry (University of Pennsylvania, USA); 8. Why Darwin was wrong about people but right about God, Timothy Taylor, Reader in Archaeology (University of Bradford, UK); 9. The prehistory of religion, Steven Mithen, Professor of Archaeology (University of Reading, UK); 10. Why Richard Dawkins is wrong about religion, David Sloan Wilson, Professor of Biology (Binghamton University, USA); Part 3: Is religion harmful for society?; 11. The evolution of violence, Herbert Maschner, Associate Professor of Anthropology (Idaho State University, USA); 12. Terror versus public good, Ian Reader, Professor of Japanese Studies (University of Manchester, UK); 13. Buddhism: A better balance in the East? Hiroko Kawanami, Lecturer in Buddhist Studies (Lancaster University, UK); 14. Is religion a destructive power?, Andrian Kreye, Suddeutsche Zeitung; Part 4: Can science itself inspire spiritual wonder?; 15. Can scientific discovery be a spiritual experience? John Hedley Brooke, Andreas Idreos Professorship of Science and Religion (Oxford University, UK); 16. God in the gaps, Gordy Slack, Author of The Battle Over the Meaning of Everything; 17. Other intelligences, Seth Shostak, SETI Institute Senior Astronomer (SETI Institute, USA); 18. Heavens above! Old notions never die, they just incorporate, William Calvin, Emeritus Professor of Medicine (University of Washington, USA); 19. Natural theology in contemporary cosmology, David Wilkinson, Lecturer in Theology (Durham University, UK).