Beginning in 1859, the world was engulfed by a new process of revolutionary change that was more extensive geographically, more prolonged in time, more powerful, and more varied in its consequences than the great European revolution of 1848-1849. The same working classes participated in both movements, but earlier visions were replaced by pragmatic ideas, new forms of organization, and new lines of action. This volume chronicles the emergence and evolution of one of the new groups, the International Working Men's Association, which went into history under the name of the First International. Unlike previous historians and writers who generally aligned themselves with either Marx or Bakunin, the great rivals in the movement, author Henryk Katz offers a history of the group and its scores of fascinating personalities. He surveys the First International in the context of the general history of the period from 1846 to 1874, as well as in the context of the worldwide movements of liberation that included the freeing of American slaves, the emancipation of Russian serfs, and the unification of Italy. Katz also fully describes the major role the First International played in the process of the revival and expansion of the West European labor movement. Working from primary and secondary sources, Katz presents a secularized history of the International that will be a valuable reference tool for both libraries and a wide variety of history, political science, and sociology courses.