This monograph presents Azzounis new approach to the rule-following paradox. His solution leaves intact an isolated individuals capacity to follow rules, and it simultaneously avoids replacing the truth conditions for meaning-talk with mere assertability conditions for that talk.

Kripkes influential version of Wittgensteins rule-following paradoxand Wittgensteins views more generallyon the contrary, make rule-following practices and assertions about those practices subject to community norms without which they lose their cogency.

Azzouni summarizes and develops Kripkes original version of Wittgensteins rule-following paradox to make salient the linchpin assumptions of the paradox. By doing so, Azzouni reveals how compelling Kripkes earlier work on the paradox was. Objections raised over the years by Fodor, Forbes Ginsborg, Goldfarb, Tait, Wright, and many others, are all shown to fail. No straight solution (a solution that denies an assumption of the

paradox) can be made to work. Azzouni illustrates this in detail by showing that a popular family of straight solutions due to Lewis and refined by Williams, reference magnetism, fail as well.

And yet an overlooked sceptical solution is still available in logical space. Azzouni describes a series of disposition-meaning private languages that he shows can be successfully used by a population of speakers to communicate with one another despite their ideolectical character. The same sorts of languages enable solitary Robinson Crusoes to survive and flourish in their island habitats. These languagessufficiently refinedhave the same properties normal human languages have; and this is the key to solving the rule-following paradox without sacrificing the individuals authority over her self-imposed rules or her ability to follow those rules.

Azzouni concludes this unusual monograph by uncovering a striking resemblance between the rule-following paradox and

Humes problem of induction: he shows the rule-following paradox to be a corollary of Humes problem that arises when the problem of induction is applied to an individuals own abilities to follow rules.

The book is clearly and engagingly written, and the conclusions are well-argued-for. (Depressingly well-argued-for in the case of Chapter 3, as I've always been partial to Lewisian responses to Putnam's model-theoretic argument--I'm rethinking that now.) And the proposed solution to the rule-following paradox really is novel.

Joshua Brown - Gustavus Adolphus College