I. Introduction.- 1. The World at the End of the Last Ice Age.- II. The PleistoceneHolocen Transsition in Africa and the Near East.- 2. At the Transition: The Archaeology of the PleistoceneHolocene Boundary in Southern Africa.- 3. Plus Ca Change: The PleistoceneHolocene Transition in Northeast Africa.- 4. The Impact of Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Climatic Changes on Humans in Southwest Asia.- III. The PleistoceneHolocen Transsition in Europe.- 5. The Archaeology of the PleistoceneHolocene Transition in Southwest Europe.- 6. Resource Exploitation, Subsistence Strategies, and Adaptiveness in Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Northwest Europe.- 7. The North European Plain and Eastern Sub-Balticum between 12,700 and 8,000 BP.- 8. The PleistoceneHolocene Transition on the East European Plain.- IV. Asia and Australia during the PleistoceneHolocen Transsition.- 9. The PleistoceneHolocene Transition in Greater Australia.- 10. Human Activities and Environmental Changes during the Late Pleistocene to Middle Holocene in Southern Thailand and Southeast Asia.- 11. The PleistoceneHolocene Transition in Japan and Adjacent Northeast Asia: Climate and Biotic Change, Broad-Spectrum Diet, Pottery, and Sedentism.- 12. Siberia in the Late Glacial and Early Postglacial.- V. Environment and Peoples at the PleistoceneHolocen Boundary in the Americas.- 13. Human Adaptation at the PleistoceneHolocene Boundary (circa 13,000 to 8,000 BP) in Eastern Beringia.- 14. The PleistoceneHolocene Transition along the Pacific Coast of North America.- 15. The PleistoceneHolocene Transition on the Plants and Rocky Mountains of North Americas.- 16. The PleistoceneHolocene Transition in the Eastern United States.- 17. The PleistoceneHolocene in Southern SouthAmericas.- VI. Conclusion.- 18. Surprises, Recurring Themes, and New Questions in the Study of the Late Glacial and Early Postglacial.