A systematic introduction to elementary forms of learning that have been the focus of research for much of the 20th century, this book covers habituation, classical conditioning, instrumental conditioning, stimulus control, aversive control, and their applications to the study of cognition and to the alleviation of behaviour problems. Biological constraints on learning are integrated throughout the text, as are applications boxes that relate animal research to human learning and behaviour. The book reflects the field of research it represents, in terms of topics covered, theories discussed, and experimental paradigms described.