4 Students Rights in Noninstructional Matters
Freedom of Speech and Press
Unprotected Expression
Defamatory Expression
Obscene, Lewd, or Vulgar Expression
Inflammatory Expression
Advocacy of Illegal Activity for Minors
Commercial Expression
School-Sponsored Expression
Type of Forum
Hazelwood and Its Progeny
Protected Private Expression
Prior Restraints
Post-Expression Discipline
Anti-Harassment Policies
Electronic Expression
Time, Place, and Manner Regulations
Future Directions
Student-Initiated Clubs
Student Appearance
Hairstyle
Attire
Dress Codes
Student Uniforms
Extracurricular Activities
Attendance, Training, and Recruitment Regulations
Restrictions on Eligibility
Fees for Participation
Other Conditions
Conclusion
5 Student Classifications
Legal Context
Classifications Based on Race
Pre-Brown Litigation
De Jure Segregation in the South
Distinguishing Between De Jure and De Facto Segregation
Fashioning Appropriate Remedies
Rezoning and the Closing, Reopening, or Construction of
Schools
Busing
Programmatic Options
Interdistrict Remedies
Staff Desegregation Remedies
Fiscal Responsibilities
Achieving Unitary Status
Postunitary Transfer and School Assignment
Race as a Factor in Admission to Private Schools
Race Discrimination and Matriculated Students
Classifications Based on Native Language
Classifications Based on Ability or Achievement
Tracking Schemes
Gifted and Talented Students
Classifications Based on Age
Classifications Based on Sex
Interscholastic Sports
Single-sex Teams
Fewer Sports Opportunities for Females
Modified Sports and Separate Seasons for Females
Academic Programs
Single-sex Schools
Sex-segregated Courses and Programs
Sex-based Admission Criteria
Sexual Harassment of Students
Employee-to-Student Harassment
Student-to-Student Harassment
Marriage and Pregnancy
Conclusion
6 Rights of Students with Disabilities
Legal Context
Rehabilitation Act
Americans with Disabilities Act
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
Individualized Education Programs
Initial Identification
Evaluation
IEP Team
IEP Preparation
Free Appropriate Public Education
Least Restrictive Environment
Private Schools
Public Placement of a Child in a Private School
Parental Placement of a Child in a Private School
Services Available in Private Schools
Change of Placement
Related Services
Transportation
Psychological Services
Health and Nursing Services
Extended School Year
Participation in Sports
Discipline
Suspension
Expulsion
Procedural Safeguards
Stay-Put Provision
Informal Meeting
Mediation
Im