Introduction
Chapter 1: The Presocratics
Thales of Miletus
Pythagoras of Samos
Xenophanes of Colophon
Heraclitus
Chapter 2: The Eleatics
Parmenides of Elea
Zeno of Elea
Chapter 3: The Academics
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Chapter 4: The Atomists
Democritus
Epicurus
Chapter 5: The Cynics
Diogenes of Sinope
Chapter 6: The Stoics
Marcus Tullius Cicero
Philo of Alexandria
Lucius Annaeus Seneca
Marcus Aurelius
Chapter 7: The Sceptics
Sextus Empiricus
Chapter 8: The Neoplatonists
Plotinus
Chapter 9: The Christians
St Augustine of Hippo
Boethius
Chapter 10: The Scholastics
St Anselm
St Thomas Aquinas
John Duns Scotus
Chapter 11: The Age of Science
Nicolaus Copernicus
Niccolo Machiavelli
Desiderus Erasmus
Thomas More
Francis Bacon
Galileo Galilei
Thomas Hobbes
Sir Isaac Newton
Chapter 12: The Rationalists
Rene Descartes
Antoine Arnauld
Nicolas Malebranche
Benedict de Spinoza
Gottfried von Leibniz
Chapter 13: The Empiricists
John Locke
David Hume
Thomas Reid
Voltaire
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Denis Diderot
Chapter 14: The Idealists
George Berkeley
Immanuel Kant
Johann Schiller
Frederick Schelling
Georg Hegel
Arthur Schopenhauer
Chapter 15: The Liberals
Adam Smith
Mary Wollstonecraft
Thomas Paine
Jeremy Bentham
John Stuart Mill
Auguste Comte
Chapter 16: The Evolutionists
Charles Darwin
Henri Louis Bergson
A.N. Whitehead
Chapter 17: The Pragmatists
Ernst Mach
Charles Peirce
William James
John Dewey
Chapter 18: The Materialists
Karl Marx
Friedrich Engles
Vladimir Lenin
Sigmund Freud
Carl Jung
John Maynard Keynes
Chapter 19: The Existentialists
Soren Kierkegaard
Friedrich Nietzsche
Edmund Husserl
Martin Heidegger
Jean-Paul Satre
Albert Camus
Simone de Beauvoir
Chapter 20: The Linguistic Turn
Gottlob Frege
Bertrand Russell
Ludwig Wittgenstein
Ferdinand de Saussure
George Edward Moore
Moritz Schlick
Lev Vygotsky
Rudolph Carnap
A.J. Ayer
Alfred Tarski
J.L. Austin
Gilbert Ryle
Noam Chomsky
Chapter 21: The Postmodernists
Claude Levi-Strauss
Michael Foucault
Jacques Derrida
Chapter 22: The New Scientists
Emile Durkheim
Albert Einstein
Karl Popper
Kurt Goedel
Alan Turing
B.F. Skinner
Thomas Kuhn
Paul Feyerabend
W.V.O Quine