1. Introduction: Searching for Black Female Intellectuals in Nineteenth Century America 2. Citizenship Divas of Nineteenth Century America: Black Female Intellectuals and the Complexities of Performance 3. I Must Speak, I Must Think, I Must Act. [Laura Simmes, 1864]: The Christian Recorder, Literary Activism, and the Black Female Intellectual 4. The Darling Offspring of Her Brain. [Harriet Powers, c. 1892]: Creativity, Quiet Activism, and Nineteenth Century Black Female Artist as Intellectuals 5. Oh Yea, Daughters of Africa, awake! Awake! Arise [Maria W. Stewart, 1831]: Nineteenth Century Black Nationalism and Questions of Gender, Race & Home 6. Labor Advantageously in the Field [Edmonia G. Highgate, 1864]: Black Female Educators and the Philosophy of Racial Uplift 7. Conclusion: The Realities of Life (and Death) for the Nineteenth Century Black Female Intellectual