This textbook is intended to cover the field of urology in a comprehensive way. It is aimed at the young surgeon who has completed basic surgical training and is starting to specialize in Urology, and who requires a companion in his or her studies which will end up with the Intercollegiate Assessment or some similar examination. The book deliberately provides the background of basic science relevant to urology where this is unlikely to have been covered in the basic science component of a training in the common trunk of surgery in general. It describes operations in outline and does not purport to be a handbook of operative urology. The authors have tried to give a balanced account of those subjects where there is controversy, and cite sufficient original references for the reader to make up his or her own mind.