(Most chapters contain a Writer's Perspective, Writing Critically, and For Review and Further Study and conclude with a Writing Assignment and Further Suggestions for Writing.)
Fiction.
1. Reading a Story.
Fable and Tale.
The Appointment in Samarra, W. Somerset Maugham.
Godfather Death, Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm.
Independence, Chuang Tzu.
Plot.
The Short Story.
A & P, John Updike.
John Updike on Writing, Why Write?
What's the Plot?
2. Point of View.
A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner.
The Tell-Tale Heart, Edgar Allan Poe.
Cathedral, Raymond Carver.
Miss Brill, Katherine Mansfield.
Katherine Mansfield on Writing, Creating Miss Brill.
How Point of View Shapes a Story.
Student Essay, Raymond Carver's Use of Point of View in Cathedral.
3. Character.
The Jilting of Granny Weatherall, Katherine Anne Porter.
Everyday Use, Alice Walker
Gimpel the Fool (Translated by Saul Bellow), Isaac Bashevis Singer.
Isaac Bashevis Singer on Writing, the Character of Gimpel.
How Character Creates Action.
4. Setting.
The Storm, Kate Chopin.
To Build a Fire, Jack London.
Greasy Lake, T. Coraghessan Boyle.
A Pair of Tickets, Amy Tan.
Amy Tan on Writing, Setting the Voice.
How Time and Place Set a Story.
5. Tone and Style.
A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Ernest Hemingway.
Barn Burning, William Faulkner.
Irony.
The Necklace, Guy de Maupassant.
The Gospel According to Mark, Jorge Luis Borges.
Ernest Hemingway on Writing, The Direct Style.
Be Style Conscious.
6. Theme.
The Open Boat, Stephen Crane.
Young Goodman Brown, Nathaniel Hawthorne.
The Parable of the Prodigal Son, Luke 15: 11-32.
Harrison Bergeron, Kurt Vonnegut, Jr.
Kurt Vonnegut, Jr. on Writing, The Themes of Science Fiction.
Stating the Theme.
7. Symbol.
The Chrysanthemums, John Steinbeck.
The Lottery, Shirley Jackson.
The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas, Ursula K. Le Guin.
Recognizing Symbols.
8. Evaluating a Story.
Jungle Video, Ralph Lombreglia.
Ralph Lombreglia on Writing, Creating Jungle Video.
Know What You're Judging.
9. Reading Long Stories and Novels.
Sonny's Blues, James Baldwin.
The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka.
Franz Kafka on Writing, Discussing The Metamorphosis.
Leaving Things Out.
10. A Writer in Depth.
Everything That Rises Must Converge, Flannery O'Connor.
A Good Man Is Hard to Find, Flannery O'Connor.
Revelation, Flannery O'Connor.
Flannery O'Connor on Writing, The Element of Suspense in A Good Man Is Hard to Find.
Flannery O'Connor on Writing, The Serious Writer and the Tired Reader.
How One Story Illuminates Another.
11. Stories for Further Reading.
Civil Peace, Chinua Achebe.
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge, Ambrose Bierce.
A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain, Robert Olen Butler.
Paul's Case, Willa Cather.
The Five-Forty-Eight, John Cheever.
The Lady with the Pet Dog, Anton Chekhov.
The Story of an Hour, Kate Chopin.
Barbie-Q, Sandra Cisneros.
Battle Royal, Ralph Ellison.
1933, Mavis Gallant.
A Very Old Man with Enormous Wings, Gabriel Garcia Marquez.
The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman.
The Defeated, Nadine Gordimer.
On the Road, Langston Hughes.
Sweat, Zora Neale Hurston.
In the American Society, Gish Jen.
Araby, James Joyce.
Girl, Jamaica Kincaid.
The Rocking-Horse Winner, D. H. Lawrence.
The Soong Sisters, SKY Lee.
A Woman on a Roof, Doris Lessing.
Angel Levine, Bernard Malamud.
Shiloh, Bobbie Ann Mason.
How I Met My Husband, Alice Munro.
Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been? Joyce Carol Oates.
The Things they Carried, Tim O'Brien.
First Confession, Frank O'Connor.
I Stand Here Ironing, Tillie Olsen.
The Man to Send Rain Clouds, Leslie Marmon Silko.
No One's a Mystery, Elizabeth Tallent.
The Catbird Seat, James Thurber.
A Visit of Charity, Eudora Welty.
The Use of Force, William Carlos Williams.
Poetry.
12. Reading a Poem.
The Lake Isle of Innisfree, William Butler Yeats.
Lyric Poetry.
Piano, D. H. Lawrence.
Aunt Jennifer's Tigers, Adrienne Rich.
Narrative Poetry.
Sir Patrick Spence, Anonymous.
Out, Out, Robert Frost.
Dramatic Poetry.
My Last Duchess, Robert Browning.
Adrienne Rich on Writing, Recalling Aunt Jennifer's Tigers.
Can a Poem Be Paraphrased?
Ask Me, William Stafford.
William Stafford, A Paraphrase of Ask Me.
13. Listening to a Voice.
Tone.
My Papa's Waltz, Theodore Roethke.
For a Lady I Know, Countee Cullen.
The Author to Her Book, Anne Bradstreet.
To a Locomotive in Winter, Walt Whitman.
I Like to See it Lap the Miles, Emily Dickinson.
Homecoming, Langston Hughes.
For My Daughter, Weldon Kees.
The Person in the Poem.
Birch Canoe, Carter Revard.
Luke Havergal, Edwin Arlington Robinson.
The Gold Lily, Louise Gluck.
I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud, William Wordsworth.
A Glass of Beer, James Stephens.
Her Kind, Anne Sexton.
The Red Wheelbarrow, William Carlos Williams.
Irony.
Oh No, Robert Creeley.
The Unknown Citizen, W. H. Auden.
Rites of Passage, Sharon Olds.
In Westminster Abbey, John Betjeman.
The Golf Links, Sarah N. Cleghorn.
I Stop Writing the Poem, Tess Gallagher.
I Saw a Jolly Hunter, Charles Causley.
The Workbox, Thomas Hardy.
The Chimney Sweeper, William Blake.
In the Counselor's Waiting Room, Bettie Sellers.
High Treason, Jose Emilio Pacheco.
At the Un-National Monument Along the Canadian Border, William Stafford.
To Lucasta, Richard Lovelace.
Dulce et Decorum Est, Wilfred Owen.
Wilfred Owen on Writing, War Poetry.
Paying Attention to the Obvious.
Student Essay, Word Choice, Tone, and Point of View in Roethke's My Papa's Waltz.
14. Word.
Literal Meaning: What a Poem Says First.
This Is Just to Say, William Carlos Williams.
Silence, Marianne Moore.
Riding a One-Eyed Horse, Henry Taylor.
Down, Wanton, Down! Robert Graves.
Looking Up at Leaves, Barbara Howes.
Batter my Heart, Three-personed God, for You, John Donne.
The Value of a Dictionary.
In the Elegy Season, Richard Wilbur.
Friend, on this Scaffold Thomas More Lies Dead, J. V. Cunningham.
The Dead Have No Respect, David R. Axelrod.
Advice to a Friend Who Paints, Kelly Cherry.
Aftermath, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow.
Mouse's Nest, John Clare.
Word Choice and Word Order.
Reason, Josephine Miles.
How I Came to Have a Man's Name, Emma Lee Warrior.
The Ruined Maid, Thomas Hardy.
The Fury of Aerial Bombardment, Richard Eberhart.
Lonely Hearts, Wendy Cope.
anyone lived in a pretty how town, E. E. Cummings.
The Names of the Rapids, Jonathan Holden.
Upon Julia's Clothes, Robert Herrick.
Carnation Milk, Anonymous.
My Heart Leps Up When I Behold, William Wordsworth.
Mutability, William Wordsworth.
Scottsboro, Anonymous.
Jabberwocky, Lewis Carroll.
Lewis Carroll on Writing, Humpty Dumpty Explicates Jabberwocky.
How Much Difference Does a Word Make?
15. Saying and Suggesting.
Cargoes, John Masefield.
London, William Blake.
Disillusionment of Ten O'Clock, Wallace Stevens.
The Bean Eaters, Gwendolyn Brooks.
A Mongoloid Child Handling Shells on the Beach, Richard Snyder.
Epitaph, Timothy Steele.
Merlin, Geoffrey Hill.
The Listeners, Walter de la Mare.
Fire and Ice, Robert Frost.
Song, Cynthia Zarin.
Tears, Idle Tears, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
Love Calls Us to the Things of This World, Richard Wilbur.
Richard Wilbur on Writing, Concerning Love Calls Us to the Things of This World.
The Ways a Poem Suggests.
16. Imagery.
In a Station of the Metro, Ezra Pound.
The Piercing Chill I Feel, Taniguchi Buson.
The Winter Evening Settles Down, T. S. Eliot.
Root Cellar, Theodore Roethke.
The Fish, Elizabeth Bishop.
The Victory, Anne Stevenson.
Winter News, John Haines.
A Route of Evanescence, Emily Dickinson.
Reapers, Jean Toomer.
Pied Beauty, Gerard Manley Hopkins.
About Haiku.
The Falling Flower, Arakida Moritake.
Heat-lightning Streak, Matsuo Basho.
In the Old Stone Pool, Matsuo Basho.
On the One-tone Temple Bell, Taniguchi Buson.
I Go, Taniguchi Buson.
Only One Guy, Kobayashi Issa.
Cricket, Kobayashi Issa.
Haiku Ambulance, Richard Brautigan.
A Selection of Haiku.
Gary Snyder.
Michael B. Stillman.
Penny Harter.
Jennifer Brutschy.
Richard Wright.
Hayden Carruth.
John Ridland.
Etheridge Knight.
Bright star! Would I Were Steadfast as Thou Art, John Keats.
The Runner, Walt Whitman.
Image, T. E. Hulme.
The Great Figure, William Carlos Williams.
Driving to Town Late to Mail a Letter, Robert Bly.
Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout, Gary Snyder.
Heat, H. D.
Mock Orange, Louise Gluck.
Embrace, Billy Collins.
Letter from Germany, Emily Grosholz.
Not Waving but Drowning, Stevie Smith.
Ezra Pound on Writing, the Image.
Analyzing Images.
Student Essay, Elizabeth Bishop's Use of Imagery in The Fish.
17. Figures of Speech.
Why Speak Figuratively?
The Eagle, Alfred Lord Tennyson.
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day? William Shakespeare.
Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer's Day? Howard Moss.
Sindhi Woman, Jon Stallworthy.
Metaphor and Simile.
My Life had Stood - A Loaded Gun, Emily Dickinson.
Flower in the Crannied Wall, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
To See a World in a Grain of Sand, William Blake.
Metaphors, Sylvia Plath.
Simile, N. Scott Momaday.
Castoff Skin, Ruth Whitman.
It Dropped So Low - In My Regard, Emily Dickinson.
A Martian Sends a Postcard Home, Craig Raine.
Other Figures.
The Wind, James Stephens.
Elegy, Written with His Own Hand, Chidiock Tichborne.
You Fit into Me, Margaret Atwood.
The Cathedral Is, John Ashbery.
The Pulley, George Herbert.
I Knew a Woman, Theodore Roethke.
The Silken Tent, Robert Frost,
Leaving Forever, Denise Levertov.
The Suitor, Jane Kenyon.
The Secret Sits, Robert Frost.
Song of Man Chipping an Arrowhead, W. S. Merwin.
Coward, A. R. Ammons.
Turtle, Kay Ryan.
Hands, Robinson Jeffers.
Oh, My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose, Robert Burns.
Robert Frost on Writing, the Importance of Poetic Metaphor.
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning.
18. Song.
Singing and Saying.
To Celia, Ben Jonson.
The Cruel Mother, Anonymous.
From Peter Piper, Run D.M.C.
Take, O, Take those Lips Away, William Shakespeare.
Richard Cory, Edwin Arlington Robinson.
Richard Cory, Paul Simon.
Ballads.
Bonny Barbara Allan, Anonymous.
Ballad of Birmingham, Dudley Randall.
Blues.
Jailhouse Blues, Bessie Smith with Clarence Williams.
Funeral Blues, W. H. Auden.
Eleanor Rigby, John Lennon and Paul McCartney.
The Silver Swan, Who Living had No Note, Anonymous.
Jerusalem, William Blake.
Paul McCartney on Writing, Creating Eleanor Rigby.
Is There a Difference Between Poetry and Song?
19. Sound.
Sound as Meaning.
True Ease in Writing comes from Art, not Chance, Alexander Pope.
Who Goes with Fergus? William Butler Yeats.
Recital, John Updike.
The Watch, Frances Cornford.
A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal, William Wordsworth.
Rain, Emanuel di Pasquale.
When Maidens are Young, Aphra Behn.
Alliteration and Assonance.
Eight O'Clock, A. E. Housman.
Upon Julia's Voice, Robert Herrick.
Girl Help, Janet Lewis.
The Splendor Falls on Castle Walls, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
Rime.
On my Boat on Lake Cayuga, William Cole.
The Angel that presided o'er my birth, William Blake.
The Hippopotamus, Hilaire Belloc.
Unholy Sonnet: After the Praying, Mark Jarman.
Leda and the Swan, William Butler Yeats.
God's Grandeur, Gerard Manley Hopkins.
Narcissus and Echo, Fred Chappell.
Desert Places, Robert Frost.
Reading and Hearing Poems Out Loud.
In Memoriam John Coltrane, Michael Stillman.
Full Fathom Five thy Father Lies, William Shakespeare.
With Rue my Heart is Laden, A. E. Housman.
Virginia, T. S. Eliot.
T. S. Eliot on Writing, the Music of Poetry.
Is It Possible to Write About Sound?
20. Rhythm.
Stresses and Pauses.
We Real Cool, Gwendolyn Brooks.
Break, Break, Break, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
Slow, Slow, Fresh Fount, Keep Time with my Salt Tears, Ben Jonson.
Atticus, Alexander Pope.
With Serving Still, Sir Thomas Wyatt.
Resume, Dorothy Parker.
Meter.
On the Imprint of the First English Edition of The Works of Max Beerbohm, Max Beerbohm.
Rose-cheeked Laura, Come, Thomas Campion.
On Seeing a Hair of Lucretia Borgia, Walter Savage Landor.
Counting-out Rhyme, Edna St. Vincent Millay.
When I was One-and-Twenty, A. E. Housman.
The Descent of Winter, William Carlos Williams.
Beat! Beat! Drums! Walt Whitman.
Song of the Powers, David Mason.
Dream Boogie, Langston Hughes.
Gwendolyn Brooks on Writing, Hearing We Real Cool.
Freeze-Framing the Sound.
21. Closed Form.
Formal Patterns.
This Living Hand, Now Warm and Capable, John Keats.
Counting the Beats, Robert Graves.
Song (Go and Catch a Falling Star), John Donne.
Brief Bio, Phillis Levin.
Yield, Ronald Gross.
The Sonnet.
Let Me Not to the Marriage of True Minds, William Shakespeare.
Since there's No Help, Come Let us Kiss and Part, Michael Drayton.
What Lips My Lips have Kissed, and Where, and Why, Edna St. Vincent Millay.
Acquainted with the Night, Robert Frost.
First Poem for You, Kim Addonizio.
Scenes from the Playroom, R. S. Gwynn.
Summer, Timothy Steele.
Facts, Thomas Carper.
The Epigram.
A Selection of Epigrams.
Alexander Pope, Martial, Sir John Harrington, Robert Herrick, William Blake, E. E. Cummings, Langston Hughes, J. V. Cunningham, John Frederick Nims, Stevie Smith, Thom Gunn, Brad Leithauser, Hilaire Belloc, Wendy Cope.
Clerihews.
W. H. Auden, Edmund Clerihew Bentley, Cornelius Ter Maat.
Other Forms.
Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night, Dylan Thomas.
Rondeau, Leigh Hunt.
Triolet, Robert Bridges.
Sestina, Elizabeth Bishop.
Robert Graves on Writing, Poetic Inspiration and Poetic Form.
Turning Points.
22. Open Form.
Six Variations (Part III), Denise Levertov.
Buffalo Bill's, E. E. Cummings.
Victory Comes Late, Emily Dickinson.
The Dance, William Carlos Williams.
The Heart, Stephen Crane.
Cavalry Crossing a Ford, Walt Whitman.
Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird, Wallace Stevens.
First Practice, Gary Gildner.
The Colonel, Carolyn Forche.
Visual Poetry.
Easter Wings, George Herbert.
Swan and Shadow, John Hollander.
From Papyrus, Terry Ehret.
Concrete Cat, Dorthi Charles.
Seeing the Logic of Open Form.
In Just-, E. E. Cummings
Jump Cabling, Linda Pastan.
Homage to My Hips, Lucille Clifton.
I Shall Paint My Nails Red, Carole Satyamurti.
What I Like, Alice Fulton.
Walt Whitman on Writing, the Poetry of the Future.
Lining Up for Free Verse.
23. Symbol.
The Boston Evening Transcript, T. S. Eliot.
The Lightning is a Yellow Fork, Emily Dickinson.
Neutral Tones, Thomas Hardy.
The Parable of the Good Seed, Matthew 13:24-30.
Redemption, George Herbert.
Most Like an Arch This Marriage, John Ciardi.
I Heard a Fly Buzz - When I Died, Emily Dickinson.
The Road Not Taken, Robert Frost.
Uphill, Christina Rossetti.
Signs, Gjertrud Schnackenberg.
The Beaks of Eagles, Robinson Jeffers.
The Flight, Sara Teasdale.
Poem (As the Cat), William Carlos Williams.
Carrie, Ted Kooser.
The Story of a Drawer, James Applewhite.
Popcorn-can Cover, Lorine Niedecker.
Anecdote of the Jar, Wallace Stevens.
William Butler Yeats on Writing, Poetic Symbols.
How to Read a Symbol.
24. Myth and Narrative.
Nothing Gold Can Stay, Robert Frost.
Bavarian Gentians, D. H. Lawrence.
The Oxen, Thomas Hardy.
The World Is Too Much with Us, William Wordsworth.
Medusa, Louise Bogan.
Personal Myth.
The Second Coming, William Butler Yeats.
Night Driving, Dick Allen.
The Heaven of Animals, James Dickey.
Myth and Popular Culture.
Taken Up, Charles Martin.
Curse of the Cat Woman, Edward Field.
Imperial Adam, A. D. Hope.
Never Again Would Birds' Song Be the Same, Robert Frost.
Cinderella, Anne Sexton.
Anne Sexton on Writing, Transforming Fairy Tales.
Demystifying Myth.
Student Essay, The Bonds Between Love and Hatred in H. D.'s Helen.
25. Poetry and Personal Identity.
Lady Lazarus, Sylvia Plath.
The Women on My Mother's Side were Known, Julia Alvarez.
Race and Ethnicity.
America, Claude McKay.
Poem in Which I Refuse Contemplation, Rita Dove.
The Shrine Whose Shape I Am, Samuel Menashe.
The X in My Name, Francisco X. Alarcin.
For the White Poets Who Would be Indian, Wendy Rose.
Facing It, Yusef Komunyakaa.
Gender.
Sous-Entendu, Anne Stevenson.
The Lost Child, Lynne McMahon.
Men at Forty, Donald Justice.
Women, Adrienne Rich.
To Li Po, Shirley Geok-lin Lim.
Elegy for My Father, Who is Not Dead, Andrew Hudgins.
Quinceauera, Judith Ortiz Cofer.
Well, I Have Lost You; and I Lost You Fairly, Edna St. Vincent Millay.
Aubade, Philip Larkin.
Julia Alvarez on Writing, Discovering My Voice in English.
Poetic Voice and Personal Identity.
26. Alternatives.
Translations.
Muchos Somos, Pablo Neruda.
We Are Many, Pablo Neruda, translated by Alastair Reid.
Ode I (11), Horace.
Translations from Horace, Edwin Arlington Robinson, James Michie, John Frederick Nims.
Rubai, Omar Khayyam.
Translations from Omar Khayyam, Edward FitzGerald, Robert Graves and Omar Ali-Shah, Dick Davis.
Con Los Ojos Cerrados, Octavio Paz.
With Our Eyes Shut, Octavio Paz, translated by John Felstiner.
Parody.
We Four Lads from Liverpool are, Anonymous.
From Strugnell's Rubaiyat, Wendy Cope.
What, Still Alive at Twenty-two? Hugh Kingsmill.
The Lady Speaks Again, Bruce Bennett,
Margaret Are You Drug, George Starbuck.
If Richard Lovelace Became a Free Agent, Gene Fehler.
Parody Is the Sincerest Form of Flattery.
27. Evaluating a Poem.
Telling Good From Bad.
O Moon, When I Gaze on thy Beautiful Face, Anonymous.
Life, Grace Treasone.
My Wife Is My Shirt, Stephen Tropp.
A Dying Tiger - Moaned for Drink, Emily Dickinson.
Thoughts on Capital Punishment, Rod McKuen.
Traveling Through the Dark, William Stafford.
Little Libby, Julia A. Moore.
On the Death of an Infant, Frederick Turner.
Crib Death, Dabney Stuart.
On My First Son, Terese Svoboda.
A Child's Grave Marker, Ted Kooser.
Reincarnation, Wallace McRae.
Knowing Excellence.
Sailing to Byzantium, William Butler Yeats.
On the Vanity of Earthly Greatness, Arthur Guiterman.
Ozymandias, Percy Bysshe Shelley,
My Mistress' Eyes are Nothing Like the Sun, William Shakespeare.
There is a Garden in her Face, Thomas Campion.
Four-Word Lines, May Swenson.
O Captain! My Captain! Walt Whitman.
Fog, Carl Sandburg.
Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, Thomas Gray.
The New Colossus, Emma Lazarus.
Annabel Lee, Edgar Allan Poe.
Edgar Allan Poe on Writing, a Long Poem Does Not Exist.
How to Begin Evaluating a Poem.
28. What Is Poetry?
Catch, Robert Francis.
29. Two Poets in Depth.
Success is Counted Sweetest, Emily Dickinson.
Wild Nights - Wild Nights!
I Felt a Funeral, in My Brain.
I'm Nobody! Who are you?
The Soul Selects her own Society.
After Great Pain, a Formal Feeling Comes.
I Started Early - Took My Dog.
Because I Could Not Stop for Death.
Some Keep the Sabbath Going to Church.
Tell All the Truth But Tell it Slant.
Emily Dickinson on Writing, Recognizing Poetry.
Langston Hughes.
The Negro Speaks of Rivers.
Mother to Son.
The Weary Blues.
I, Too.
Song for a Dark Girl.
Island.
Subway Rush Hour.
Sliver.
Harlem [Dream Deferred].
Theme for English B.
Langston Hughes on Writing, the Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain.
30. Poems for Further Reading.
Edward, Anonymous.
The Three Ravens, Anonymous.
The Twa Corbies, Anonymous.
Western Wind, Anonymous.
Last Words of the Prophet (Navajo Mountain Chant), Anonymous.
Dover Beach, Matthew Arnold.
At North Farm, John Ashbery.
Siren Song, Margaret Atwood.
As I Walked Out One Evening, W. H. Auden.
Musee des Beaux Arts, W. H. Auden.
Filling Station, Elizabeth Bishop.
One Art, Elizabeth Bishop.
The Lamb, William Blake.
The Tyger, William Blake.
The Sick Rose, William Blake.
The Dream, Louise Bogan.
Anorexic, Eavan Boland.
Love and Friendship, Emily Bronte.
The Mother, Gwendolyn Brooks.
A Street in Bronzeville: Southeast Corner, Gwendolyn Brooks.
Grief, Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Ways, Elizabeth Barrett Browning.
Soliloquy of the Spanish Cloister, Robert Browning.
Your yen two wol slee me sodenly, Geoffrey Chaucer.
The Donkey, G. K. Chesterton.
Kubla Khan, Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Somewhere I Have Never Travelled, Gladly Beyond, E. E. Cummings.
Death be not Proud, John Donne.
The Flea, John Donne.
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning, John Donne.
Daystar, Rita Dove.
To the Memory of Mr. Oldham, John Dryden.
Journey of the Magi, T. S. Eliot.
The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, T. S. Eliot.
Indian Boarding School: The Runaways, Louise Erdrich.
Birches, Robert Frost.
Mending Wall, Robert Frost.
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, Robert Frost.
A Supermarket in California, Allen Ginsberg.
California Hills in August, Dana Gioia.
Names of Horses, Donald Hall.
The Convergence of the Twain, Thomas Hardy.
During Wind and Rain, Thomas Hardy.
Hap, Thomas Hardy.
In Church, Thomas Hardy.
Those Winter Sundays, Robert Hayden.
The Whipping, Robert Hayden.
Helen, H. D.
Digging, Seamus Heaney.
Mother of the Groom, Seamus Heaney.
Adam, Anthony Hecht.
Love, George Herbert.
To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time, Robert Herrick.
The Cadence of Silk, Garrett Hongo.
Spring and Fall, Gerard Manley Hopkins.
Thou art Indeed Just, Lord, if I Contend, Gerard Manley Hopkins.
The Windhover, Gerard Manley Hopkins.
Loveliest of Trees, the Cherry Now, A. E. Housman.
To an Athlete Dying Young, A. E. Housman.
The Death of the Ball Turret Gunner, Randall Jarrell.
Next Day, Randall Jarrell.
To the Stone-cutters, Robinson Jeffers.
On My First Daughter, Ben Jonson.
On My First Son, Ben Jonson.
On the Death of Friends in Childhood, Donald Justice.
Ode on a Grecian Urn, John Keats.
On First Looking into Chapman's Homer, John Keats.
When I have Fears that I May Cease to Be, John Keats.
To Autumn, John Keats.
Home is So Sad, Philip Larkin.
Poetry of Departures, Philip Larkin.
The Bull Calf, Irving Layton.
Animals Are Passing from Our Lives, Philip Levine.
My Father's Martial Art, Stephen Shu-ning Liu.
Skunk Hour, Robert Lowell.
The End of the World, Archibald MacLeish.
To His Coy Mistress, Andrew Marvell.
Charles on Fire, James Merrill.
The Farmer's Bride, Charlotte Mew.
Recuerdo, Edna St. Vincent Millay.
Methought I Saw My Late Espoused Saint, John Milton.
When I Consider How My Light is Spent, John Milton.
The Mind is an Enchanting Thing, Marianne Moore.
The Master, Frederick Morgan.
The War in the Air, Howard Nemerov.
Sorrow Moves in Wide Waves, Lorine Niedecker.
Famous, Naomi Shihab Nye.
The One Girl at the Boys' Party, Sharon Olds.
Anthem for Doomed Youth, Wilfred Owen.
Ethics, Linda Pastan.
Running on Empty, Robert Phillips.
Daddy, Sylvia Plath.
To Helen, Edgar Allan Poe.
A little Learning is a Dang'rous Thing, Alexander Pope.
The Garret, Ezra Pound.
The River-Merchant's Wife: a Letter, Ezra Pound.
The Starlings, Wyatt Prunty.
A Different Image, Dudley Randall.
Bells for John Whiteside's Daughter, John Crowe Ransom.
Naming of Parts, Henry Reed.
Speaking a Foreign Language, Alastair Reid.
Peeling Onions, Adrienne Rich.
Power, Adrienne Rich.
Miniver Cheevy, Edwin Arlington Robinson.
Elegy for Jane, Theodore Roethke.
Welcome to Hiroshima, Mary Jo Salter.
Not Marble nor the Gilded Monuments, William Shakespeare.
That Time of Year thou Mayst in Me Behold, William Shakespeare.
When, in Disgrace with Fortune and Men's Eyes, William Shakespeare.
When Daisies Pied and Violets Blue, William Shakespeare.
When Icicles Hang by the Wall, William Shakespeare.
Butcher Shop, Charles Simic.
Titanic, David R. Slavitt.
For I Will Consider My Cat Jeoffry, Christopher Smart.
American Primitive, William Jay Smith.
Disposal, W. D. Snodgrass.
Stamp Collecting, Cathy Song.
At the Klamath Berry Festival, William Stafford.
Peter Quince at the Clavier, Wallace Stevens.
The Emperor of Ice-Cream, Wallace Stevens.
Second Hand Coat, Ruth Stone.
A Description of the Morning, Jonathan Swift.
Dark House, by Which Once More I Stand, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
Ulysses, Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
Fern Hill, Dylan Thomas.
Ex-Basketball Player, John Updike.
Red Rooster, Yellow Sky, Amy Uyematsu.
Earth Tremors Felt in Missouri, Mona Van Duyn.
The Virgins, Derek Walcott.
Go, Lovely Rose, Edmund Waller.
A Noiseless Patient Spider, Walt Whitman.
I Saw in Louisiana a Live-Oak Growing, Walt Whitman.
The Writer, Richard Wilbur.
Thinking About Bill, Dead of AIDS, Miller Williams.
Spring and All, William Carlos Williams.
To Waken an Old Lady, William Carlos Williams.
At the San Francisco Airport, Yvor Winters.
Composed upon Westminster Bridge, William Wordsworth.
A Blessing, James Wright.
Autumn Begins in Martins Ferry, Ohio, James Wright.
In this Strange Labyrinth, Mary Sidney Wroth.
They Flee from Me that Sometime Did Me Seke, Sir Thomas Wyatt.
Crazy Jane Talks with the Bishop, William Butler Yeats.
Long-legged Fly, William Butler Yeats.
The Magi, William Butler Yeats.
When You Are Old, William Butler Yeats.
31. Lives of the Poets.
Drama.
32. Reading a Play.
A Play in its Elements.
Trifles, Susan Glaspell.
Tragedy and Comedy.
Riders to the Sea, John Millington Synge.
Sure Thing, David Ives.
Susan Glaspell on Drama, Creating Trifles.
Conflict Resolution.
Student Essay, Outside Trifles.
33. The Theater of Sophocles.
Sophocles, Oedipus the King, (translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald).
Aristotle's Concept of Tragedy.
Aristotle on Drama, Defining Tragedy.
Some Things Change. Some Things Don't.
34. The Theater of Shakespeare.
The Tragedy of Othello, The Moor of Venice, William Shakespeare.
W. H. Auden on Drama, Iago as a Triumphant Villian Breaking the Language Barrier.
Student Essay, Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?
35. The Modern Theater.
Realism and Naturalism.
A Doll's House (translated by James McFarlane), Henrik Ibsen.
George Bernard Shaw on Drama, Ibsen and the Familiar Situation.
Tragicomedy and the Absurd.
The Sandbox, Edward Albee.
Edward Albee on Drama, the Theater of the Absurd.
What's So Realistic about Realism?
Student Essay, Helmer vs. Helmer.
36. Evaluating a Play.
Critical Performance.
37. Plays for Further Reading.
Antigone (translated by Dudley Fitts and Robert Fitzgerald), Sophocles.
The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, William Shakespeare.
Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller.
The Glass Menagerie, Tennessee Williams.
38. New Voices in American Drama.
The Sound of a Voice, David Henry Hwang.
Andre's Mother, Terrence McNally.
The Cuban Swimmer, Milcha Sanchez-Scott.
Joe Turner's Come and Gone, August Wilson.
Writing.
39. Writing About Literature.
Beginning.
Discovering and Planning.
Drafting and Revising.
The Form of Your Finished Paper.
Documenting Your Sources.
Reference Guide for Citations.
Keeping a Journal.
The Girl Writing Her English Paper, Robert Wallace.
40. Writing About a Story.
Explicating.
Student Essay (Explication).
Analyzing.
Student Essay (Analysis).
Student Report Card.
Comparing and Contrasting.
41. Writing About a Poem.
Explicating.
Design, Robert Frost.
Student Essay (Explication).
Analyzing.
Student Essay (Analysis).
Comparing and Contrasting.
Wing-Spread, Abbie Huston Evans.
How to Quote a Poem.
Before You Begin.
In White (early draft of Design), Robert Frost.
42. Writing About a Play.
Methods.
How to Quote a Play.
Writing a Card Report.
Student Card Report.
Reviewing a Play.
43. Writing and Researching on the Computer.
Writing and Revising.
Using Spell-Check Programs.
Researching on the World Wide Web.
Two Ways to Start Researching.
Plagiarism.
44. Critical Approaches to Literature.
Formalist Criticism.
The Formalist Critic, Cleanth Brooks.
Michael Clark, Light and Darkness in Sonny's Blues.
Robert Langbaum, On Robert Browning's My Last Duchess.
Biographical Criticism.
The Relationship of Poet and Poem, Leslie Fiedler.
Chekhov's Attitude to Romantic Love, Virginia Llewellyn Smith.
Brett C. Millier, On Elizabeth Bishop's One Art.
Historical Criticism.
Imagism, Hugh Kenner.
Sally Fitzgerald, Southern Sources of A Good Man is Hard to Find.
On Langston Hughes, Darryl Pinckney.
Psychological Criticism.
The Destiny of Oedipus, Sigmund Freud.
Daniel Hoffman, the Father-Figure in The Tell-Tale Heart.
Poetic Influence, Harold Bloom.
Mythological Criticism.
Mythic Archetypes, Northrop Frye.
Edmond Volpe, Myth in Faulkner's Barn Burning.
Maud Bodkin, Lucifer in Shakespeare's Othello.
Sociological Criticism.
Content Determines Form, Georg Lukacs.
Daniel P. Watkins, Money and Labor in The Rocking-Horse Winner.
Walt Whitman and Abraham Lincoln, Alfred Kazin.
Gender Criticism.
Toward a Feminist Poetics, Elaine Showalter.
Juliann Fleenor, Gender and Pathology in The Yellow Wallpaper.
The Freedom of Emily Dickinson, Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar.
Reader-Response Criticism.
Stanley Fish, An Eskimo A Rose for Emily.
How Do We Make a Poem? Robert Scholes.
Joel Wingard, Filling the Gaps in Hamlet.
Deconstructionist Criticism.
The Death of the Author, Roland Barthes.
Rigorous Unreliability, Barbara Johnson.
Geoffrey Hartman, On Wordsworth's A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal.
Cultural Studies.
Poststructuralist Cultural Critique, Vincent B. Leitch.
What is Cultural Studies? Mark Bauerlein.
Heather Glen, The Stance of Observation in William Blake's London.
Acknowledgments.
Index of Major Themes.
Index of First Lines of Poetry.
Index of Authors and Titles.
Index of Literary Terms.
