Nigeria: Its Petroleum Geology, Resources and Potential: Volume 1 by A.J. Whiteman

At attempt is made here to provide a comprehensive The Basement "massifs" roughly delimit the main account in book form of the Petroleum Geology of sedimentary areas of the: Nigeria, a country which in 1979 was the world's 1. ABAKALIKI, BENUE, GONGOLA AND YOLA sixth largest oil producer and rated the twelfth gIant TROUGHS petroleum province of the world by Ivanhoe (1980) 2. BIDA OR MIDDLE NIGER BASIN in terms of known recoverable resources (cumulatIve 3. SOKOTO EMBAYMENT OF THE IULLEM production + proven + probable reserves) of oil and MEDEN BASIN 4. BORNU-CHAD BASIN gas. . 5. DAHOMEY BASIN Nigeria, which has been an indepe. ndent sovereIgn country since 1960, faces the AtlantIc Ocean on the These basins and troughs, taken together with the south, is bounded by the Peoples' Republic of Benin onshore part of the Nigeria Delta Complex, occupy (ex-Dahomey) on the west, by the Republic of Niger about 178 000 square miles, half the total area of and by the Sahara on the north, the Republic of Chad Nigeria. Figure 3 shows the area of Nigeria in com on the northeast, and is bounded by the Umted Re parison to areas of other well known petroleum public of Cameroun on the east. It now consists of provinces and units, such as the Gulf. Coast of. the 19 states organized in a federation and, largely be United States, North Sea etc.

1. Introduction.- 2. Stratigraphy.- 2.1 General Geology and Basin Summaries.- 2.2. Basement Complex.- 2.3. Jurassic Igneous Complexes 20.- 2.4 Cretaceous System.- 2.4.1. General.- 2.4.2. Southern Nigeria including Anambra Platform, Abakaliki Trough and Calabar Flank: Pre-Santonian Lower and Upper Cretaceous Formations.- 2.4.2.1. Lower Cretaceous Formations.- 2.4.2.1.1. General.- 2.4.2.1.2. Asu River Group.- 2.4.2.2. Upper Cretaceous rocks Pre-Santonian Southern Nigeria.- 2.4.2.2.1. General.- 2.4.2.2.2. Odukpani Formation.- 2.4.2.2.3. Keana Sandstone.- 2.4.2.2.4. Mamfe Formation.- 2.4.2.2.5. Eze-Aku Shale Group including its relationships with the Ameseri Sandstone, Agala Sandstone and Konsisha River Group.- 2.4.2.2.6. Awgu Shale and Agbani Sandstone.- 2.4.2.2.7. Umuna-1, Annua-1 and Ikono-1 Volcanics;.- 2.4.2.3. Hydrocarbon prospects Southern Nigeria including Anambra Platform, Abakaliki Trough and Calabar Flank: Pre-Santonian Lower and Upper Cretaceous Formations.- 2.4.2.3.1 Pre-Santonian prospects, Anambra Platform.- 2.4.2.3.2. Pre-Santonian prospects, Abakaliki Trough.- 2.4.2.3.3. Pre-Santonian prospects; Calabar Flank and Hinge Line.- 2.4.3. Lower and Upper Benue Trough: Pre-Santonian Lower and Upper Cretaceous Formations.- 2.4.3.1. General definition and subdivision of the Benue Trough.- 2.4.3.2. Lower Cretaceous Formations, Lower and Upper Benue Trough.- 2.4.3.2.1. Asu River Group.- 2.4.3.2.2. Awe Formation.- 2.4.3.2.3. Bitna Sandstone.- 2.4.3.3. Upper Cretaceous Pre-Santonian Formations Lower and Upper Benue Trough.- 2.4.3.3.1. General.- 2.4.3.3.2. Awe Formation.- 2.4.3.3.3. Keana Formation.- 2.4.3.3.4. Eze-Aku Formation.- 2.4.3.3.5. Awgu Formation.- 2.4.3.3.6. Bima Sandstone.- 2.4.3.3.7. Yolde Formation.- 2.4.3.3.8. Dukul Formation.- 2.4.3.3.9. Jessu Formation.- 2.4.3.3.10. Sekule Formation.- 2.4.3.3.11. Numanha Shales.- 2.4.3.3.12. Lamja Sandstone.- 2.4.3.3.13. Pindiga Formation.- 2.4.3.3.14. Gulani Formation.- 2.4.4. Gongola Trough, Bornu Basin and Yola Trough Upper Cretaceous Pre-Santonian Formations.- 2.4.4.1. General.- 2.4.4.2. Upper Cretaceous Pre-Santonian Formation, Gongola Trough, Bornu Basin and Yola Troughs.- 2.4.4.2.1. Gongila Formation.- 2.4.4.2.2. Fika Shales.- 2.4.4.2.3. Bima-Yola Formation.- 2.4.4.3. Hydrocarbon Prospects of the Lower and Upper Benue, Gongola and Yola Troughs and the Nigerian Section of the Bornu Basin Pre-Santonian Lower and Upper Cretaceous Formations.- 2.4.4.3.1. General.- 2.4.4.3.2. Source Rocks.- 2.4.4.3.3. Reservoir Rocks.- 2.4.4.3.4. Specific Prospects in Lower Benne Trough.- 2.4.4.3.5. Specific Prospects in Upper Benue Trough.- 2.4.4.3.6. Prospects in the Gongoia and Yola Troughs.- 2.4.5. Sokoto Basin or Embayment Nigerian Section of Iullemmeden Basin Upper Cretaceous Pre-Santonian Formations.- 2.4.5.1. General.- 2.4.5.2. Upper Cretaceous Formations Sokoto Embayment.- 2.4.5.2.1. Gundumi Formation.- 2.4.5.2.2. Illo Formation.- 2.4.5.2.3. Petroleum Prospects of the Gundumi and Illo Formations.- 2.4.6. Post Santonian Upper Cretaceous Formations.- 2.4.6.1. Southern Nigeria including Anambra Basin, Abakaliki Fold Belt, Afikpo Syncline and Calabar Flank.- 2.4.6.1.1. Nkporo Shale.- 2.4.6.1.2. Owelli Sandstone.- 2.4.6.1.3. Otobi Sandstone.- 2.4.6.1.4. Enugu Shales.- 2.4.6.1.5. Mamu Formation (Lower Coal Measures).- 2.4.6.1.6. Ajali Sandstone.- 2.4.6.1.7. Nsukka Formation (Upper Coal Measures).- 2.4.6.1.8. Lafia Formation.- 2.4.6.1.9. Gombe Sandstone.- 2.4.6.2. Bida Basin and adjacent areas Upper Cretaceous Post Santonian Formations.- 2.4.6.2.1. General.- 2.4.6.2.2. Nupe Group.- 2.4.6.2.3. Bida Sandstone Formation.- 2.4.6.2.4.Sakpe Ironstone Formation.- 2.4.6.2.5. Enagi Siltstone Formation.- 2.4.6.2.6. Batati Ironstone Formation.- 2.4.6.2.7. Lokoja Sandstone.- 2.4.6.2.8. Patti Formation.- 2.4.6.2.9. Oolitic Ironstones Agbaja Plateau.- 2.4.6.2.10. Correlation of Lokoja Sandstones and Patti Formations with the Nupe Group and the Late Cretaceous Sequence of the Anambra Basin, Northwest Flank.- 2.4.6.3. Hydrocarbon Prospects of the Post Santonian Upper Cretaceous Rocks of the Anambra Basin, Abakaliki Fold Belt, Afikpo Syncline, Calabar Flank and Benue Depression and Flanking Basins.- 2.4.6.3.1. General.- 2.4.6.3.2. Anambra Basin Prospects.- 2.4.6.3.3. Calabar Flank Prospects.- 2.4.6.3.4. Other Basins.- 2.4.6.4. Iullemmeden Basin, Sokoto Area Upper Cretaceous Post Santonian Formations.- 2.4.6.4.1. General and Rima Group.- 2.4.6.4.2. Taloka Formation.- 2.4.6.4.3. Dukumaje Formation.- 2.4.6.4.4. Wumo Formation.- 2.4.6.4.5. Conditions of Deposition of Rima Group and General Palaeogeography.- 2.4.6.5. Hydrocarbon prospects of the Post Santonian Upper Cretaceous rocks on the Nigerian Section of the Iullemmeden Basin.- 2.4.6.6. Dahomey Miogeocline, Western Nigeria and Benin Flank: Upper Cretaceous Post Santonian Rocks.- 2.4.6.6.1. General.- 2.4.6.6.2. Abeokuta Formation.- 2.4.6.7. Hydrocarbon Prospects Dahomey Miogeocline, Nigerian Section Post Santonian Upper Cretaceous Rocks.- 2.5. Cenozoic Erathem in Nigeria.- 2.5.1. General.- 2.5.2. Iullemmeden Basin, Sokoto Section, Northern Nigeria Cenzoic Formations.- 2.5.2.1. General.- 2.5.2.2. Gwandu Formation.- 2.5.2.3. Gamba Formation.- 2.5.2.4. Kalambaina Formation.- 2.5.2.5. Dange Formation.- 2.5.2.6. Hydrocarbon Prospects of the Cenozoic Gwandu Formation and Sokoto Group of the Nigerian Section of the Iullemmeden Basin.- 2.5.3. Bornu Basin and adjacent Southern Chad Basin Cenozoic Formations.- 2.5.3.1. General.- 2.5.3.2. Kerri-Kerri Formation.- 2.5.3.3. Jos Sediments.- 2.5.3.4. Chad Formation.- 2.5.4. Dahomey Miogeocline, Western Nigeria Cenozoic Formations.- 2.5.4.1. General.- 2.5.4.2. Imo Shale.- 2.5.4.3. Ewekoro Formation.- 2.5.4.4. Ameki Formation.- 2.5.4.5. Oshoshun Formation.- 2.5.4.6. Illaro Formation.- 2.5.4.7. Ijebu Formation.- 2.5.4.8. Ogwashi-Asaba Formation.- 2.5.4.9. Benin Formation (surface).- 2.5.5. Niger Delta complex Cenozoic Formations.- 2.5.5.1. General.- 2.5.5.2. Benin Formation (subsurface).- 2.5.5.3. Afam Clay Member (subsurface).- 2.5.5.4. Agbada Formation (subsurface).- 2.5.5.5. Akata Formation (subsurface).- 2.5.5.6. Imo Shale Formations (surface).- 2.5.5.7. Ameki Formation (surface).- 2.5.5.8. Ogwashi-Asaba Formation (surface).- 2.5.5.9. Benin Formation (surface).- 2.5.5.10. Agbada (surface) and Akata (subsea) formations.- 2.5.5.11. Formations and environments of the Late Quaternary Niger Delta.- 2.5.5.11.1. Upper Flood Plain Environment and Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.2. Lower Floodplain Environment and Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.3. Mangrove Swamp Environment and Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.4. Beach Environment and Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.5. River Mouth bar Environment and Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.6. Delta front Platform Environment and Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.7. Pro-Delta Slope Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.8. Open Shelf Environment and Deposits.- 2.5.5.11.9. Older Sands.- 2.5.5.12 Present day Niger Delta and Niger-Benue drainage system: Basic Environmental Data.- 2.5.5.12.1. General.- 2.5.5.12.2. Niger-Benue Sediments.- 2.5.5.12.3. Distributive Agents, River Flows.- 2.5.5.12.4. Distributive Agents, Tidal Flows.- 2.5.5.12.5. Distributive Agents; Wind-Wave Currents.- 2.5.5.12.6. Distributive Agents; Longshore drift and the Niger Delta Submarine Canyons.- 2.5.5.13. Size, shape, etc. of the Niger Delta Complex and the Present Day System.

Nigeria: Its Petroleum Geology, Resources and Potential A.J. Whiteman

Nigeria: Its Petroleum Geology, Resources and Potential by A.J. Whiteman

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Nigeria: Its Petroleum Geology, Resources and Potential: Volume 1 by A.J. Whiteman

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