Dedication. Acknowledgments. Preface. Volume Overview. Section One: Issues in Ape and Human Evolution. Introduction to Section One. 1. African Apes as Time Machines; R. Wrangham, D. Pilbeam. 2. Primate Divergence Times; A. Janke, U. Arnason. 3. The Cerebellum: An Asset to Hominoid Cognition; C.E. MacLeod, et al. Section Two - Bonobos, The `Forgotten Ape'?. Introduction to Section Two. 4. The Status of the Bonobo (Pan Paniscus) in the Democratic Republic of Congo; J. Dupain, L. Van Elsacker. 5. Status of Bonobos in their Southernmost Geographic Range; J.A. Myers Thompson. 6. Current Situation of Bonobos in the Luo Reserve, Equateur, Democratic Republic of Congo; C. Hashimoto, T. Furuichi. Section Three: Chimpanzees, the Best-Known Ape. Introduction to Section Three. 7. Pan in Pandemonium; S.T. Boysen, T. Butynski. 8. Predation of Mammals by the Chimpanzees of the Mahale Mountains, Tanzania; K. Hosaka, et al. 9. Representational Capacities in Chimpanzees: Numerical and Spatial Reasoning; S.T. Boysen, V.A. Kuhlmeier. Section Four: Gorillas, the Greatest of the Apes. Introduction to Section Four. 10. The Status of Gorillas Worldwide; F.G.P. Patterson, M.L. Matevia. 11. Twenty-Seven Years of Project Koko and Michael; F.G.P. Patterson, W. Gordon. 12. Who's in Charge? Observations of Social Behavior in a Captive Group of Western Lowland Gorillas; T.A. Stein. Section Five: Physiological Bases for Behavior and Aging: Great Apes and Humans. Introduction to Section Five. 13. The Great Ape Aging Project: A Resource for Comparative Study of Behavior, Cognition, Health, and Neurobiology; J.M. Erwin, et al. 14. An International Database for the Study of Diabetes, Obesity, and Aging in Great Apes and Other Nonhuman Primates; R. Martens, et al. 15. Studies of Age-Related Neuronal Pathology in Great Apes; D.P. Perl, et al. 16. Metabolites of Ovarian Hormones and Behavioral Correlated in Captive Female Bonobos (Pan Paniscus); M.H. Jurke, et al. 17. Sexual Motivation of Male Chimpanzees During the Female Cycle, Including Preliminary Data on Age Effects; R.D. Nadler. Section Six: The Bushmeat Crisis: African Apes at Risk. Introduction to Section Six. 18. Bushmeat, Primate Kinship, and the Global Conservation Movement; A.L. Rose. 19. Status of the Proposed Lomako Forest Bonobo Reserve: A Case Study of the Bushmeat Trade; J. Dupain, L. Van Elsacker. 20. What Happened to Gorilla Gorilla Uellensis? A Preliminary Investigation; K. Ammann, N. Briggs. 21. Apes, Persons, and Bioethics; P. Singer, P. Cavalieri. Index.