Designed as a basic text, for students and non-specialists, in science and religion, this book brings together current advances in both areas in a fruitful dialogue and interchange. Deane-Drummond uses key illustrative examples from contemporary genetic science, ecology and Gaia as a way of probing present practice. She engages readers in theological reflection on recent advances in the biosciences in a way that shows the challenge of modern biological science to theology. As a book designed to promote engagement in dialogue, this one considers the particular contribution of theology to the debate, through an exploration of the philosophical and social basis for current biological science, including the questions raised by contemporary feminists. Specifically, it argues that the theological tradition of wisdom provides critical resources for theological reflection on biological science and emerging ethical issues. Moreover, the book argues that the wisdom motif finds key resources from a range of theological traditions, thus becoming a rich basis for ecumenical dialogue on issues of current social concern.