This text is an account of the fate suffered by Europe's Gypsies during the Nazi Holocaust. It is published on the 50th anniversary of the liberation of the camps where a quarter of a million Gypsies shared the same fate as the Jewish people. The introduction traces the origin of the Gypsy people and the centuries of discrimination and persecution which preceeded the Nazi period. The majority of the text is a substantially revised and updated account of the author's earlier research into the fate of the Gypsies in the occupied countries of Europe during the Nazi period. The account is lightened by some stories of Gypsies who escaped from the camps or joined the guerrillas fighting against the German forces. This volume is part of the Interface Collection, a series on Gypsy history and culture commissoned by the Centre for Gypsy Research in Paris.